Executive Functioning, Social Cognition, Pragmatics, and Social Interaction in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review synthesizes the most relevant literature on similarities and differences between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in four developmental domains.Recent FindingsRegarding executive functioning (EF), children with ASD present greater deficits in planning and flexibility, whereas problems with inhibitory control are more severe in ADHD. With respect to theory of mind (ToM) impairments, the ASD group is more affected, and difficulties occur later in ADHD. In pragmatics, both groups exhibit problems with coherence or inappropriate beginnings, however, children with ADHD have a better performance on stereotyped language and non-verbal communication. Finally, in contrast with children with ASD, participants with ADHD demonstrate knowledge of social skills, but they experience problems in performing social behaviors.SummaryIn terms of impairments, children with ADHD are located in an intermediate point between ASD and typical development (TD). Clinical implications are highlighted, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - Category: Child Development Source Type: research