Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal Drugs, Still a Missed Opportunity?

Xenobiotica. 2024 Apr 30:1-24. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2349046. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe intranasal (IN) route of administration is important for topical drugs and drugs intended to act systemically. More recently, direct nose-to-brain input was considered to bypass the blood-brain barrier.Processes related to IN absorption and nose-to-brain distribution are complex and depend, sometimes in contrasting ways, on chemico-physical and structural parameters of the compounds, and on formulation options.Due to the intricacies of these processes and despite the large number of articles published on many different IN compounds, it appears that absorption after IN dosing is not yet fully understood. In particular, at variance of the understanding and modelling approaches that are available for predicting the pharmacokinetics (PK) following oral administration of xenobiotics, it appears that there is not a similar understanding of the chemico-physical and structural determinants influencing drug absorption and disposition of compounds after IN administration, which represents a missed opportunity for this research field. This is even more true regarding the understanding of the direct nose-to-brain input. Due to this, IN administrations may represent an interesting and open research field for scientists aiming to develop PK property predictions tools, mechanistic PK models describing rate and extent of IN absorption, and translational tools to anticipate the clinical PK fol...
Source: Xenobiotica - Category: Research Authors: Source Type: research