Infraorbital canal variants and its clinical and surgical implications. A systematic review

ConclusionsThis systematic review identified four IOC variants: Type 1, within or below the MS roof; Type 2, partially protruding into the sinus; Type 3, fully protruding into the sinus or suspended from the roof; and Type 4, in the orbital floor. Clinical recommendations aim to prevent nerve injuries and enhance preoperative assessments. However, the lack of consistent statistical methods limits robust associations between IOC variants and clinical outcomes. Data heterogeneity and the absence of standardized reporting impede meta-analysis. Future research should prioritize detailed reporting, objective measurements, and statistical approaches for a comprehensive understanding of IOC variants and their clinical implications.Open Science Framework (OSF):https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UGYFZ.
Source: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy - Category: Anatomy Source Type: research