Plasma and peritoneal fluid cytokine profiles in patient with Essure ® implant: Towards a molecular signature?

The Essure ® contraceptive device (Bayer©, Leverkusen, Germany) was the first permanent tubal occlusion hysteroscopic implant approved by the FDA in 2002 and definitively stopped in 2018 after 750,000 procedures worldwide [1]. Many patients described adverse events, including pelvic pain, as well as general clinical symptoms such as fatigue, hair loss, psychological disorders, loss of libido, pain in joints, weight changes, and lack of concentration [2–5]. The pathogenesis is not yet understood. Several hypotheses have been proposed, such as the Systemic Nickel Allergic Syndrome (SNAS) [6,7], the Aut oimmune/Autoinflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) [8], the possible galvanic corrosion of Essure® with concomitant release of metal trace elements [9–12], and the local/systemic inflammation.
Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology - Category: OBGYN Authors: Tags: Full length article Source Type: research