Pregnancy, Reproductive Factors, and Female Heart Failure Risk and Outcomes

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent evidence on female-specific risk factors related to reproductive status or pregnancy.Recent FindingsPregnancy-related factors, including hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes, increase the risk of heart failure in women, while breastfeeding and hormone therapy may offer protection.SummaryHypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome, placental abruption, younger maternal age at first live birth, younger maternal age at last live birth, number of stillbirths, number of pregnancies, onset of menstruation before 12  years of age, shorter reproductive age, ovariectomy, and prolonged absence of ovarian hormones may increase the risk of heart failure in women. Conversely, breastfeeding status and hormone therapy (for menopause or contraception) may serve as protective factors, while fertility treatments have no discernible effect on the risk of heart failure.
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - Category: Cardiology Source Type: research