Update on Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

AbstractPurpose of ReviewImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use has been on the rise for treatment of many different malignancies. Subsequently, more has been learned about immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that occur up to 12  months after treatment. This review summarizes the latest findings and management of neuro-ophthalmic associated irAEs.Recent FindingsirAEs can affect the afferent and efferent neuro-ophthalmic pathways, thereby targeting central and peripheral nervous systems. As more cases are being reported, it is becoming apparent that neuro-ophthalmic irAEs often present with atypical features when compared to their spontaneous autoimmune counterparts. These neuro-ophthalmic presentations can also be signs of a more extensive inflammatory process that spans other organ systems, such as myopathies, endocrinopathies, and paraneoplastic syndromes.SummaryAwareness of neuro-ophthalmic irAEs and their atypical presentations can lead to early detection, termination of ICI treatment, and immunosuppressant therapy initiation.
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research