Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 446: SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Responses in Vaccination and Infection during the Pandemic in 2020 & ndash;2022

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 446: SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Responses in Vaccination and Infection during the Pandemic in 2020–2022 Viruses doi: 10.3390/v16030446 Authors: Wakana Inoue Yuta Kimura Shion Okamoto Takuto Nogimori Akane Sakaguchi-Mikami Takuya Yamamoto Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota To gain insight into how immunity develops against SARS-CoV-2 from 2020 to 2022, we analyzed the immune response of a small group of university staff and students who were either infected or vaccinated. We investigated the levels of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific and nucleocapsid (N)-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva samples taken early (around 10 days after infection or vaccination) and later (around 1 month later), as well as N-specific T-cell responses. One patient who had been infected in 2020 developed serum RBD and N-specific IgG antibodies, but declined eight months later, then mRNA vaccination in 2021 produced a higher level of anti-RBD IgG than natural infection. In the vaccination of naïve individuals, vaccines induced anti-RBD IgG, but it declined after six months. A third vaccination boosted the IgG level again, albeit to a lower level than after the second. In 2022, when the Omicron variant became dominant, familial transmission occurred among vaccinated people. In infected individuals, the levels of serum anti-RBD IgG antibodies increased later, while anti-N IgG peaked earlier. The N-specific activated T cells ex...
Source: Viruses - Category: Virology Authors: Tags: Article Source Type: research