Diabetes insipidus: vasopressin deficiency …

Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2024 Feb 3:S0003-4266(24)00011-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.11.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDiabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by hypo-osmotic polyuria secondary to abnormal synthesis, regulation, or renal action of antidiuretic hormone. Recently, an expert group, with the support of patient associations, proposed that diabetes insipidus be renamed to avoid confusion with diabetes mellitus. The most common form of diabetes insipidus is secondary to a dysfunction in the neurohypophysis (central diabetes insipidus) and would be therefore termed 'vasopressin deficiency'. The rarer form, which is linked to renal vasopressin resistance (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), would then be named 'vasopressin resistance'. The etiology of diabetes insipidus is sometimes clear, in the case of a neurohypophyseal cause (tumoral or infiltrative damage) or a renal origin, but in some cases diabetes insipidus can be difficult to distinguish from primary polydipsia, which is characterized by consumption of excessive quantities of water without any abnormality in regulation or action of antidiuretic hormone. Apart from patients' medical history, physical examination, and imaging of the hypothalamic-pituitary region, functional tests such as water deprivation or stimulation of copeptin by hyperosmolarity (induced by infusion of hypertonic saline) can be proposed in order to distinguish between these different etiologies. The treatment of diabetes insipidus d...
Source: Annales d'Endocrinologie - Category: Endocrinology Authors: Source Type: research