A Comprehensive Review of the Relationship Between Oral Health and Down Syndrome

AbstractPurpose of ReviewIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) may be more susceptible to oral disorders as a result of a combination of genetic factors, immunological disturbances, anatomical anomalies, and probable difficulties in maintaining adequate oral hygiene. Within this context, we provide a comprehensive review of the most important relationships between oral health and Down syndrome.Recent FindingsRecent investigations suggest that a diminished diversity in the oral microbiome could emerge as a critical factor affecting oral health in individuals with DS. Plausible anatomical and metabolic peculiarities inherent to DS, including alterations in salivary characteristics, the presence of obstructive sleep apnea, elevated end glycation product levels, and hypothyroidism, may exert a significant influence on the composition and dynamics of the oral microbiome. A comprehensive analysis of the evidence implies a reduced occurrence of caries in individuals with DS. Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis indicates that gingivitis (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.09 –3.41) and periodontitis (OR 3.93; 95% CI 1.81–8.53) are more frequent in people with DS and strongly associated. Oral function in DS is also affected resulting in speech, breathing and eating problems. These findings underscore the necessity to implement targeted educational and awareness progr ams, along with specific intervention protocols, for the younger generations of individuals with DS, their families, and caregivers.Su...
Source: Current Oral Health Reports - Category: Dentistry Source Type: research