Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis: Is It All About Staphylococcus aureus?

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere are many recent informative reviews about the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis (AD) highlighting the prominent role ofStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in the pathogenesis of this skin disease. The aim of the current review is to compile and discuss the findings of original studies describing other microbiota alterations contributing to atopic skin inflammation. Moreover, we will discuss the feasibility of using these identified alterations as future diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.Recent FindingsBesidesS. aureus, there is evidence that other species could also be deleterious in AD, such as the commensalS. epidermidis. Furthermore, microbial metabolites produced by commensal are lost during microbiota dysbiosis; thereby further contributing to AD pathogenesis. Among those, metabolites interacting with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), such as metabolites of the tryptophan (Trp) pathway or short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are of special interest since they are able to modulate the transcription of epithelial alarmin genes. AlthoughS. aureus plays a major role in AD pathogenesis, other species and, perhaps more importantly, the metabolites or enzymes they produce may modulate AD pathogenesis.SummaryThese findings offer future avenues to explore diagnostic or therapeutic approaches for atopic skin inflammation.Graphical abstract
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research