Natural history, angiographic presentation and outcomes of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas

Conclusion
Most ACF-dAVFs have a symptomatic presentation. Drainage through cortical veins is a key angiographic feature of ACF-dAVFs that accounts for their malignant course. Microsurgery is the most effective treatment. Due to the high risk of bleeding, closure of ACF-dAVFs is indicated regardless of presentation.

Source: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery - August 17, 2023 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Sanchez, S., Raghuram, A., Wendt, L., Hayakawa, M., Chen, C.-J., Sheehan, J. P., Kim, L. J., Abecassis, I. J., Levitt, M. R., Meyer, R. M., Guniganti, R., Kansagra, A. P., Lanzino, G., Giordan, E., Brinjikji, W., Bulters, D. O., Durnford, A., Fox, W. C., Tags: Hemorrhagic stroke Source Type: research