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Convergent reductive evolution and host adaptation in Mycoavidus bacterial endosymbionts of Mortierellaceae fungi
Fungal Genet Biol. 2023 Sep 14:103838. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103838. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntimate associations between fungi and intracellular bacterial endosymbionts are becoming increasingly well understood. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that bacterial endosymbionts of Mucoromycota fungi are related either to free-living Burkholderia or Mollicutes species. The so-called Burkholderia-related endosymbionts or BRE comprise Mycoavidus, Mycetohabitans and Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum. These endosymbionts are marked by genome contraction thought to be associated with intracellular selection. However, t...
Source: Fungal Genetics and Biology - September 16, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Kevin Amses Alessandro Desir ó Abigail Bryson Igor Grigoriev Stephen Mondo Anna Lipzen Kurt LaButti Robert Riley Vasanth Singan Paris Salazar-Hamm Jason King Elizabeth Ballou Teresa Pawlowska Rasheed Adeleke Gregory Bonito Jessie Uehling Source Type: research
Multi-element Exposure and Cognitive Function in Rural Elderly Chinese
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Sep 16. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03774-1. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTo investigate the relationship between selenium (Se) based multi-element combined exposure and cognitive function in rural elderly individuals, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The study involved 416 older adults aged 60 and above, residing in four different areas of Enshi county, China, with varying soil Se levels. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to measure the concentrations of Se, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (P...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 16, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Lidan Duan Liqin Su Xiaohong He Yegang Du Yanying Duan Ning Xu Rangpeng Wu Yunfeng Zhu Ranqi Shao Frederick W Unverzagt Ann M Hake Yinlong Jin Sujuan Gao Source Type: research
Genome and transcriptome of Selaginella kraussiana reveal evolution of root apical meristems in vascular plants
Curr Biol. 2023 Sep 6:S0960-9822(23)01141-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.061. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe evolution of roots allowed vascular plants to adapt to land environments. Fossil evidence indicates that roots evolved independently in euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and lycophytes, the two lineages of extant vascular plants. Based on a high-quality genome assembly, mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) data, and single-cell RNA-seq data for the lycophyte Selaginella kraussiana, we show that the two root origin events in lycophytes and euphyllophytes adopted partially similar molecular modules in the regulation of r...
Source: Current Biology - September 16, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Wu Liu Gui Cai Ning Zhai Hua Wang Tengfei Tang Yuyun Zhang Zhiyao Zhang Lijun Sun Yijing Zhang Tom Beeckman Lin Xu Source Type: research
Orbitofrontal cortex conveys stimulus and task information to the auditory cortex
Curr Biol. 2023 Sep 12:S0960-9822(23)01139-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.059. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAuditory cortical neurons modify their response profiles in response to numerous external factors. During task performance, changes in primary auditory cortex (A1) responses are thought to be driven by top-down inputs from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which may lead to response modification on a trial-by-trial basis. While OFC neurons respond to auditory stimuli and project to A1, the function of OFC projections to A1 during auditory tasks is unknown. Here, we observed the activity of putative OFC terminals in A1 ...
Source: Current Biology - September 16, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Jonah K Mittelstadt Patrick O Kanold Source Type: research
Microtubule detyrosination by VASH1/SVBP is regulated by the conformational state of tubulin in the lattice
Curr Biol. 2023 Sep 5:S0960-9822(23)01001-1. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.062. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTubulin, a heterodimer of α- and β-tubulin, is a GTPase that assembles into microtubule (MT) polymers whose dynamic properties are intimately coupled to nucleotide hydrolysis. In cells, the organization and dynamics of MTs are further tuned by post-translational modifications (PTMs), which control the ability of MT-associated proteins (MAPs) and molecular motors to engage MTs. Detyrosination is a PTM of α-tubulin, wherein its C-terminal tyrosine residue is enzymatically removed by either the vasohibin (VASH) or MT-...
Source: Current Biology - September 16, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Yang Yue Takashi Hotta Takumi Higaki Kristen J Verhey Ryoma Ohi Source Type: research
Orbitofrontal cortex conveys stimulus and task information to the auditory cortex
Curr Biol. 2023 Sep 12:S0960-9822(23)01139-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.059. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAuditory cortical neurons modify their response profiles in response to numerous external factors. During task performance, changes in primary auditory cortex (A1) responses are thought to be driven by top-down inputs from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which may lead to response modification on a trial-by-trial basis. While OFC neurons respond to auditory stimuli and project to A1, the function of OFC projections to A1 during auditory tasks is unknown. Here, we observed the activity of putative OFC terminals in A1 ...
Source: Current Biology - September 16, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Jonah K Mittelstadt Patrick O Kanold Source Type: research
Microtubule detyrosination by VASH1/SVBP is regulated by the conformational state of tubulin in the lattice
Curr Biol. 2023 Sep 5:S0960-9822(23)01001-1. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.062. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTubulin, a heterodimer of α- and β-tubulin, is a GTPase that assembles into microtubule (MT) polymers whose dynamic properties are intimately coupled to nucleotide hydrolysis. In cells, the organization and dynamics of MTs are further tuned by post-translational modifications (PTMs), which control the ability of MT-associated proteins (MAPs) and molecular motors to engage MTs. Detyrosination is a PTM of α-tubulin, wherein its C-terminal tyrosine residue is enzymatically removed by either the vasohibin (VASH) or MT-...
Source: Current Biology - September 16, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Yang Yue Takashi Hotta Takumi Higaki Kristen J Verhey Ryoma Ohi Source Type: research
Direct recruitment of Mis18 to interphase spindle pole bodies promotes CENP-A chromatin assembly
Curr Biol. 2023 Sep 8:S0960-9822(23)01143-0. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.063. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCENP-A chromatin specifies mammalian centromere identity, and its chaperone HJURP replenishes CENP-A when recruited by the Mis18 complex (Mis18C) via M18BP1/KNL2 to CENP-C at kinetochores during interphase. However, the Mis18C recruitment mechanism remains unresolved in species lacking M18BP1, such as fission yeast. Fission yeast centromeres cluster at G2 spindle pole bodies (SPBs) when CENP-ACnp1 is replenished and where Mis18C also localizes. We show that SPBs play an unexpected role in concentrating Mis18C near cen...
Source: Current Biology - September 15, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nitobe London Bethan Medina-Pritchard Christos Spanos Juri Rappsilber A Arockia Jeyaprakash Robin C Allshire Source Type: research
Origins of slow growth on the crocodilian stem lineage
We present new osteohistological data from a broad sample of early crocodylomorphs, evaluated in a phylogenetic context alongside other pseudosuchians. We find that the transition to slow-growing bone types during mid-late ontogeny occurred around the origin of Crocodylomorpha during the Late Triassic. Earlier-diverging pseudosuchians had high maximum growth rates, as indicated by the presence of woven bone during middle and (sometimes) late ontogeny.6,7,8,9 Large-bodied pseudosuchians in particular exhibit some of the fastest-growing bone types, giving evidence for prolonged, rapid growth. By contrast, early-branching cro...
Source: Current Biology - September 15, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Jennifer Botha Bailey M Weiss Kathleen Dollman Paul M Barrett Roger B J Benson Jonah N Choiniere Source Type: research
Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitophagy and Cell Apoptosis are Involved in the Toxicity of Aluminum Chloride Exposure in GC-2spd
This study aimed to examine the impact of AlCl3 exposure on mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis in testicular tissue and mouse spermatocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP levels were measured in GC-2spd after AlCl3 exposure using a multifunctional enzyme labeler. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and TUNEL were observed through confocal laser microscopy, and the expression of proteins associated with mitophagy and apoptosis was analyzed using Western blot. Our results demonstrated that AlCl3 exposure disrupted mitophagy and increased apoptosis-related protein expression in testicular tissues....
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 15, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Hui- Xin Peng Fu Chai Ke-Heng Chen Yan-Xin Huang Guang-Ji Wei Huixiong Yuan Yan-Fang Pang Shi-Hua Luo Chun-Fang Wang Wen-Cheng Chen Source Type: research
Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic in Raw Milk Produced in the Vicinity of a Mini Mineral Concentrator in the Central Andes and Health Risk
This study evaluated the potential risk to human health from lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) from the consumption of milk produced in an area of the Central Andes valley near a mini mineral concentrator by estimating the weekly intake (WI), dietary risk quotient (DRC), hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) for the Peruvian population aged 2 to 85 years, in three scenarios of milk consumption by age (minimum, average, and maximum). Toxic element quantification was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry following standardized procedures. The mean amount ± standard deviation of Pb, Cd, and As in s...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 15, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Doris Chirinos-Peinado Jorge Castro-Bedri ñana Elva R íos-Ríos Gianfranco Castro-Chirinos Yubaly Quispe-Poma Source Type: research
Size, Surface Properties, and Ion Release of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Effects on Cytotoxicity, Dopaminergic Gene Expression, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Neuronal PC-12 Cells
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03832-8. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe extensive applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have resulted in a substantial risk of human exposure. However, the knowledge of the toxicity of these NPs in the nervous system is still limited. A comparative analysis of ZnO NPs of various sizes and NPs of the same size, with and without surface coating, and the potential role of released zinc ions is yet to be thoroughly explored. As a result, we have studied the cellular toxicity of two different-sized ZnO NPs, ZnO-22 (22 nm) and ZnO-43 (43 nm), and NPs with ...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 15, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Jitendra Kumar Suthar Anuradha Vaidya Selvan Ravindran Source Type: research
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin-Conjugated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Reserpine-Induced Depression in Wistar Rats
In conclusion, curcumin-conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrate potent antidepressant effects, alleviating depressive-like behavior in rats. These findings support Zn(cur)O NPs as a promising therapeutic strategy for depression management, warranting further investigation and clinical validation.PMID:37713054 | DOI:10.1007/s12011-023-03849-z
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 15, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Heba M Fahmy Fatmaalzahraa A Aboalasaad Ayman S Mohamed Fathi A Elhusseiny Yasser A Khadrawy Ahmed Elmekawy Source Type: research
Reference Intervals of Serum Iodine Concentration in Chinese Pregnant Women
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03859-x. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe study aims to establish trimester-specific reference ranges for serum iodine (SI) in Chinese pregnant women and explore its associations with maternal and infantile thyroid function. Apparently healthy pregnant women were enrolled during their first antenatal visit. Fasting venous and spot urine samples were collected for determining serum and urinary iodine (UI) levels by a validated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and neonatal TSH le...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - September 15, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Yi Wu Huan-Huan Long Su-Juan Zhang Min-Min Li Chao-Gang Chen Cheng Wang Zheng-Yu Sheng Yan-Bin Ye Shu-Yu Zuo Wen-Jing Pan Zhao-Min Liu Source Type: research
Nrf2 depletion in the context of loss-of-function Keap1 leads to mitolysosome accumulation
Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 Sep 13:S0891-5849(23)00627-5. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTranscription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the principal determinant of the cellular redox homeostasis, contributing to mitochondrial function, integrity and bioenergetics. The main negative regulator of Nrf2 is Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1), a substrate adaptor for Cul3/Rbx1 ubiquitin ligase, which continuously targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Loss-of-function mutations in Keap1 occur frequently in lung cancer, leading ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - September 15, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Sharadha Dayalan Naidu Plamena R Angelova Elena V Knatko Chiara Leonardi Miroslav Novak Laureano de la Vega Ian G Ganley Andrey Y Abramov Albena T Dinkova-Kostova Source Type: research
