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Sex- and age-related differences in renal and cardiac injury and senescence in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a clear sex pattern in age-related progression of renal and cardiac fibrosis and cellular senescence in SHRSP rats. A 6-week time frame was associated with increased indices of cardiac and renal fibrosis and cellular senescence in male SHRSPs. Female SHRSP rats were protected from renal and cardiac damage compared to age-matched males. Thus, the SHRSP is an ideal model to investigate the effects of sex and aging on organ injury over a short timeframe.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 22, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sex differences in hearing impairment due to diet-induced obesity in CBA/Ca mice
ConclusionsFemale mice are more resistant to the negative effects of an HFD on body weight, metabolism, and hearing. Females showed increased peripheral and intra-cochlear adiponectin and AdipoR1 levels, and HC ribbon synapses. These changes may mediate resistance to HFD-induced hearing loss seen in female mice.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - February 21, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sex and race define the effects of adverse childhood experiences on self-reported BMI and metabolic health biomarkers
ConclusionsBMI is strongly associated with cumulative ACEs in women regardless the race, while waist circumference is strongly associated with ACEs in Black individuals, which combined with reduced BMI may indicate increased central adiposity in Black men. Our study suggests that sex and race influence the contribution of certain ACEs to impair metabolic health.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - June 15, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular diseases and dementia subtypes: a prospective analysis of 464,616 UK Biobank participants
ConclusionWomen with CVD were 1.5 times more likely to experience AD than men, while had 15% lower risk of having VD than men.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 7, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sex differences in the association between diabetes and hypertension and the risk of stroke: cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
ConclusionHypertension and T2D induced higher risk of overall and ischemic stroke in men than women among Iranian population.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - March 15, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sex and age interaction in fundamental circulatory volumetric variables at peak working capacity
ConclusionsSex and age interact on the crucial circulatory relationship between total circulating BV and peak cardiac filling, with older women necessitating more BV to fill the exercising heart than age- and physical activity-matched men.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 3, 2022 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sex difference in the association between plasma selenium and first stroke: a community-based nested case-control study
ConclusionOur study indicated a significant,non-linear, negative association between plasma selenium and first stroke in males but not in females.Trial registrationChiCTR1800017274.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 29, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sex differences in stroke outcome correspond to rapid and severe changes in gut permeability in adult Sprague-Dawley rats
ConclusionsThese data show that extensive leakiness of the gut barrier is associated with severe post-stroke disability and suggest that reinforcing this barrier may improve stroke outcomes.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 15, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Increased P450 aromatase levels in post-menopausal women after acute ischemic stroke
ConclusionsEstradiol levels correlated with functional outcomes (change in mRS) in both men and women, at least in the acute phase (24  h) of stroke. However, no significant difference in estradiol levels is seen 24 h post-stroke in men or women. Testosterone levels decrease at 24 h after stroke in men. As seen in animal models, aromatase levels increase after acute ischemic stroke, but this was only true for women. These ind icate an active aromatization process in post-menopausal women after acute ischemic stroke.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - January 7, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research

A community-based study of demographics, medical and psychiatric conditions, and gender dysphoria/incongruence treatment in transgender/gender diverse individuals
ConclusionTransgender and gender diverse individuals represent a population who express various gender identities and are seeking gender-specific healthcare at increasing rates. Psychiatric illness is highly prevalent compared to the US population but there is no difference in the prevalence of CV risk factors including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - October 5, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Androgens ’ effects on cerebrovascular function in health and disease
AbstractAndrogens affect the cerebral vasculature and may contribute to sex differences in cerebrovascular diseases. Men are at a greater risk for stroke and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) compared to women throughout much of the lifespan. The cerebral vasculature is a target for direct androgen actions, as it expresses several sex steroid receptors and metabolizing enzymes. Androgens ’ actions on the cerebral vasculature are complex, as they have been shown to have both protective and detrimental effects, depending on factors such as age, dose, and disease state. When administered chr...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - June 29, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Cardiac hypertrophy with obesity is augmented after pregnancy in C57BL/6 mice
ConclusionsThese results suggest that the combined effects of pregnancy and obesity augment cardiac hypertrophy and promote remodeling. The rising prevalence of CVD in premenopausal women may be attributed to an increased prevalence of women entering pregnancy with an overweight or obese BMI.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - December 15, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The influence of biological sex and sex hormones on bile acid synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis
AbstractObesity and elevated serum lipids are associated with a threefold increase in the risk of developing atherosclerosis, a condition that underlies stroke, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Strategies that aim to reduce serum cholesterol through modulation of liver enzymes have been successful in decreasing the risk of developing atherosclerosis and reducing mortality. Statins, which inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver, are considered among the most successful compounds developed for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, recent debate surrounding their effectiveness and safety prom...
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - November 26, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sex-specific association of metabolic risk factors with brain ischemic lesions by severity and location
ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome was associated with brain ischemic lesions in men but not in women. Higher body mass index was related to ischemic lesions located in lobar in men and in deep brain/infratentorial areas in women. Its mechanisms remain to be further investigated.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - August 21, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Sex differences in the expression of cell adhesion molecules on microvesicles derived from cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells treated with inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli
ConclusionsThere are sex differences in expression of cell adhesion molecules on MV released from HBMEC under control conditions and upon activation by TNF α or THR. MV taken up by unstimulated HBMEC may impact the integrity of the brain microvasculature and account, in part, for sex differences in vascular pathologies in the brain.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 21, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

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