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Grading of Japanese Diet Intakes by 24-Hour Urine Analysis of Taurine and Soy Isoflavones in Relation to Cardiovascular Risks
In conclusion, the higher the J score, which corresponds to Japanese dietary habits, the lower the BMI and cholesterol levels, as well as mortality rate from coronary heart disease, but the higher the average life expectancy among the Japanese. However, these higher J scorings were associated with high-salt intake and high Na/K ratios; therefore, they contributed to high blood pressure and high mortality rate caused by stroke in Japan. These results indicate that low-salt intake should be recommended to the Japanese who are consuming seafood and soy regularly in order to maintain lower blood pressure and to extend healthy ...
Source: Adv Data - July 26, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Mari Mori Miki Sagara Hideki Mori Yukio Yamori Source Type: research

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and neurological disorders: a scoping review
Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2022 Apr 11;13:20406223221086996. doi: 10.1177/20406223221086996. eCollection 2022.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a group of antidiabetic medications with a favourable cardiovascular, renal and overall safety profile. Given the limited treatment options available for neurological disorders, it is important to determine whether the pleiotropic effects of SGLT2i can be utilised in their prevention and management.METHODS: All articles published before 20 March 2021 were systematically searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO and Clinica...
Source: Adv Data - April 18, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Thahesh Tharmaraja Jamie S Y Ho Ching-Hui Sia Nicole-Ann Lim Yao Feng Chong Amanda Y L Lim Rahul R Rathakrishnan Leonard L L Yeo Vijay K Sharma Benjamin Y Q Tan Source Type: research

Invited Commentary: Can Estimation of Sodium Intake Be Improved by Borrowing Information From Other Variables?
AbstractEstimation of dietary sodium intake is problematic. The most accurate measure is average sodium excretion from multiple 24-hour urine collections, but such an approach is impractical. Using data from the Women's Health Initiative, Prentice et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2017;186(9):1035 –1043) assessed the relationship of calibrated estimates of sodium and potassium excretion with cardiovascular outcomes. The calibrated estimates were a function of self-reported sodium-to-potassium ratio from a food frequency questionnaire, age, body mass index, race, supplement use, smoking stat us, educational level, income, and aspir...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - June 14, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Associations of Biomarker-Calibrated Sodium and Potassium Intakes With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women
AbstractStudies of the associations of sodium and potassium intakes with cardiovascular disease incidence often rely on self-reported dietary data. In the present study, self-reported intakes from postmenopausal women at 40 participating US clinical centers are calibrated using 24-hour urinary excretion measures in cohorts from the Women's Health Initiative, with follow-up from 1993 to 2010. The incidence of hypertension was positively related to (calibrated) sodium intake and to the ratio of sodium to potassium. The sodium-to-potassium ratio was associated with cardiovascular disease incidence during an average follow-up ...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - June 14, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Sodium in Store and Restaurant Food Environments - Guam, 2015.
Abstract Compared with the United States overall, Guam has higher mortality rates from cardiovascular disease and stroke (1). Excess sodium intake can increase blood pressure and risk for cardiovascular disease (2,3). To determine the availability and promotion of lower-sodium options in the nutrition environment, the Guam Department of Public Health and Social Services (DPHSS) conducted an assessment in September 2015 using previously validated tools adapted to include sodium measures. Stores (N = 114) and restaurants (N = 63) were randomly sampled by region (north, central, and south). Data from 100 stores and 6...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - May 28, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Jackson SL, VanFrank BK, Lundeen E, Uncangco A, Alam L, King SM, Cogswell ME Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Sodium Intake Among U.S. Adults - 26 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2013.
Abstract Excess sodium intake is a major risk factor for hypertension, and subsequently, heart disease and stroke, the first and fifth leading causes of U.S. deaths, respectively. During 2011-2012, the average daily sodium intake among U.S. adults was estimated to be 3,592 mg, above the Healthy People 2020 target of 2,300 mg. To support strategies to reduce dietary sodium intake, 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from states and territories that implemented the new sodium-related behavior module were assessed. Across 26 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and Puerto Rico, 39%-73% of a...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - July 3, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Fang J, Cogswell ME, Park S, Jackson SL, Odom EC Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Does pragmatically structured outpatient dietary counselling reduce sodium intake in hypertensive patients? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
DiscussionThough decreasing sodium intake has been reported to be efficacious in lowering blood pressure, there exists a gap in the evidence for an effective intervention that could be easily translated into clinical practice. If successful, our intervention would be suitable for outpatient programs such as hypertension clinics or interprofessional family practices (family health teams). A negative, or partially negative (positive effect at four weeks with attrition by 12 months) trial outcome also has significant implications for healthcare delivery and use of resources.Trial registrationThe trial was registered with Cli...
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - June 16, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Marcel RuzickaTim RamsayAnn BugejaCedric EdwardsGeorge FodorAnne KirbyPeter MagnerBrendan McCormickGigi van der HoefJessica WagnerSwapnil Hiremath Source Type: research