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Social Determinants of Health Among Non-Elderly Adults With Stroke in the United States
To examine the association of social determinants of health (SDOH) on prevalence of stroke in non-elderly adults (
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - February 1, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Safi U. Khan, Isaac Acquah, Zulqarnain Javed, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Tamer Yahya, Ron Blankstein, Salim S. Virani, Michael J. Blaha, Adnan A. Hyder, Prachi Dubey, Farhaan S. Vahidy, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Khurram Nasir Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors With Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure
To examine associations of cumulative exposure to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with total cardiovascular disease (CVD; composed of stroke, coronary heart disease, and heart failure [HF]) and HF alone in a cohort study of White and African American participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - October 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Elizabeth J. Bell, Suzette J. Bielinski, Jennifer L. St. Sauver, Lin Y. Chen, Mary R. Rooney, Nicholas B. Larson, Paul Y. Takahashi, Aaron R. Folsom Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Racial Differences in the Prevalence of Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation Among Hospitalized Patients
Atrial fibrillation (AF) will affect at least 12 million people in the United States by 2030. Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk for stroke and death and contributes to substantial costs and resource use.1 Considerable efforts are devoted to optimize AF management and mitigate its negative sequalae. However, the literature suggests the presence of racial disparities in the management of AF in the United States. Recent studies showed that direct oral anticoagulant, pulmonary vein isolation, and left atrial appendage closure are less commonly used among patients of non-White race.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - September 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mohammed Osman, Abhishek J. Deshmukh, David R. Holmes, Mohamad Alkhouli Tags: Letter to the editor Source Type: research

The Invisible Silent Killer
Systemic hypertension has been described as a “silent killer” due to its asymptomatic course which can remain unnoticed by clinicians even as it gives rise to coronary artery disease, stroke, and renal failure. That said, if one is looking for hypertension, it can be easily found in the first set of data collected routinely during any patie nt encounter. In moving from the systemic to the pulmonary circulation, however, elevated blood pressures pose a formidable mortality risk that is not only silent but also nearly invisible.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - August 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: David L. Joyce Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Thromboembolic Risk in Hospitalised and Non-hospitalised Covid-19 Patients: A Self-controlled Case Series Analysis of a Nation-wide Cohort
This study aims to assess the associations between Covid-19 infection and thromboembolism including myocardial infarction (MI), ischaemic stroke, deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - July 15, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Frederick K. Ho, Kenneth KS. Man, Mark Toshner, Colin Church, Carlos Celis-Morales, Ian CK. Wong, Colin Berry, Naveed Sattar, Jill P. Pell Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Thromboembolic Risk in Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients
To assess the associations between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and thromboembolism including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - July 15, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Frederick K. Ho, Kenneth K.C. Man, Mark Toshner, Colin Church, Carlos Celis-Morales, Ian C.K. Wong, Colin Berry, Naveed Sattar, Jill P. Pell Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Impact of the Physical Activity and Fitness Components on the Genetic Risk of Stroke
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing enormous health care costs. Physical fitness components, mainly cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength, and habitual physical activity (PA) are well-evidenced modifiable factors promoting decreases in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs),1,2 stroke,3,4 and all-cause mortality, and even specific mortality types such as sudden cardiac death.5,6 In particular, muscle strength has been found to be inversely associated with stroke risk,3,4 and CRF and PA have also been highlighted for their beneficial influence in reducing the risk of stroke.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - July 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: David Jim énez-Pavón, Jari A. Laukkanen Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Genetic Risk, Muscle Strength, and Incident Stroke: Findings From the UK Biobank Study
To examine the associations of muscle strength and genetic risk for stroke with stroke incidence.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - July 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Youngwon Kim, Semi Hwang, Stephen J. Sharp, Shan Luo, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Craig C. Teerlink Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a medical emergency and is disproportionately associated with higher mortality and long-term disability compared with ischemic stroke. The phrase “time is brain” was derived for patients with large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke in which approximately 1.9 million neurons are lost every minute. Similarly, this statement holds true for ICH patients due to a high volume of neurons that are damaged at initial onset and during hematoma expan sion. Most cases of spontaneous ICH pathophysiologically stem from chronic hypertension and rupture of small perforating vessels off of l...
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - May 2, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Cumara B. O ’Carroll, Benjamin L. Brown, W. David Freeman Tags: Solicited review Source Type: research

Premature Atrial Contractions
Premature atrial contractions (PACs) can be seen in a broad spectrum of patients with and without heart disease and are often considered benign clinical phenomena. Recent studies have, however, shown an association between PACs and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, and all-cause mortality.1,2 Simultaneously, reporting of the association between cardiac arrhythmias such as AF, atrial structural disease, and cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and dementia have expanded our understanding of the complex web of interaction between the heart and brain.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - May 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Chaitra Janga, Malini Madhavan Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Lower Extremity Arterial Disease as a Predictor of Incident Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiovascular Events
To evaluate the relationship between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and its clinical and pathophysiologic implications on ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - May 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Andrew S. Tseng, Marlene Girardo, Christine Firth, Shubhang Bhatt, David Liedl, Paul Wennberg, Win-kuang Shen, Leslie T. Cooper, Fadi E. Shamoun Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Geographic Inequalities in Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States: 1999 to 2018
To evaluate the trends in cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and heart failure mortality in the stroke belt in comparison with the rest of the United States.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - April 8, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Vibhu Parcha, Rajat Kalra, Ana F. Best, Nirav Patel, Sarabjeet S. Suri, Thomas J. Wang, Garima Arora, Pankaj Arora Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Time Is Brain: Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Response Times for Suspected Stroke and Effects of Prehospital Interventions
To compare prehospital time for patients with suspected stroke in Florida with the American Stroke Association (ASA) time benchmarks, and to investigate the effects of dispatch notification and stroke assessment scales on prehospital time.
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - March 10, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Johan L. Heemskerk, Ricardo A. Domingo, Rabih G. Tawk, Tito G. Vivas-Buitrago, Josephine F. Huang, Ashley Rogers, Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, Kingsley Abode-Iyamah, William D. Freeman Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Dysphagia in Older Adults
Dysphagia, which is a geriatric syndrome affecting 10% to 33% of older adults, is commonly seen in older adults who have experienced a stroke or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer or Parkinson disease. Patients diagnosed as having dysphagia can experience malnutrition, pneumonia, and dehydration. Patients can also experience increased rates of mortality and long-term care admission. Providers can identify the specific type of dysphagia for treatment in approximately 80% of patients by asking 5 questions in the patient ’s history: What happens when you try to swallow? Do you have trouble chewing? Do you have dif...
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - February 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Shanojan Thiyagalingam, Anne E. Kulinski, Bjorg Thorsteinsdottir, Katrina L. Shindelar, Paul Y. Takahashi Tags: Thematic Review on Aging Source Type: research

Stroke Prevention in Very Elderly Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Revisited
Stroke prevention is the cornerstone in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Oral anticoagulation (OAC) has been the main strategy to reduce the risk of thromboembolism in most AF patients.1 However, its effective use is hampered by several challenges, including the attended bleeding risk, noncompliance, and cost.2 Elderly patients are further disadvantaged with additional factors that may limit the use of OAC, such as frailty, polypharmacy, and functional dependence.3 In addition, there are limited data to guide stroke prevention decisions in these patients; octogenarians are typically excluded from c...
Source: Mayo Clinic Proceedings - January 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Mohamad Alkhouli Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

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