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A review of combined neuromodulation and physical therapy interventions for enhanced neurorehabilitation
Rehabilitation approaches for individuals with neurologic conditions have increasingly shifted toward promoting neuroplasticity for enhanced recovery and restoration of function. This review focuses on exercise strategies and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques that target neuroplasticity, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). We have chosen to focus on non-invasive neuromodulation techniques due to their greater potential for integration into routine clinical practice. We explore and discuss the application of these interventional stra...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - July 21, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation - A brief introduction and overview
Auton Neurosci. 2022 Sep 27;243:103038. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.103038. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInvasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is approved for the treatment of epilepsies, depression, obesity, and for stroke-rehabilitation. The procedure requires surgery, has side-effects, is expensive and not readily available. Consequently, transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) has been developed 20 years ago as non-invasive, less expensive, and easily applicable alternative. Since the vagus nerve reaches the skin at the outer acoustic canal and ear, and reflex-responses such as the ear-cough-reflex or the auriculo-cardiac ...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience - October 6, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Max J Hilz Source Type: research

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) in stroke: the evidence, challenges and future directions
Auton Neurosci. 2021 Nov 14;237:102909. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102909. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally. A significant proportion of stroke survivors are left with long term neurological deficits that have a detrimental effect on personal wellbeing and wider socioeconomic impacts. As such, there is an unmet need for novel therapies that improve neurological recovery after stroke. Invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitation has been shown to improve upper limb motor function in chronic stroke. However, invasive VNS requires a surgica...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience - December 3, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sheharyar S Baig Marharyta Kamarova Ali Ali Li Su Jesse Dawson Jessica N Redgrave Arshad Majid Source Type: research

Brain plasticity and vagus nerve stimulation
Auton Neurosci. 2021 Sep 7;236:102876. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102876. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAfter damage to the central nervous system, caused by traumatic injury or ischemia, plasticity becomes critically important for functional recovery. When this inherent capacity to adapt is limited despite training, external stimulation may support this process. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective method to enhance the effect of motor rehabilitation training on functional recovery. However, the mechanisms by which VNS exerts beneficial effects on cortical plasticity are not completely understood. Experimental wo...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience - September 19, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marius Keute Alireza Gharabaghi Source Type: research

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