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Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Total 77 results found since Jan 2013.

Identification and relative quantification of 3-nitrotyrosine residues in fibrinogen nitrated in vitro and fibrinogen from ischemic stroke patient plasma using LC-MS/MS.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. This acute vascular event interferes with blood supply to the brain and induces a burst of free radicals such as nitric oxide and superoxide, producing peroxynitrite, a precursor of strong nitrating agents. Fibrinogen is one of the most abundant plasma proteins; it plays a role in the hemostatic system, mediating clot formation, which can be affected by nitrotyrosine formation. We hypothesized that nitration of fibrinogen by ONOOH and ONOOCO2- radical products could be one of the early events of the ischemic stroke, and protei...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 3, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Medeiros R, Sousa B, Rossi S, Afonso C, Bonino L, Pitt A, López E, Spickett C, Borthagaray G Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of death and physical disability worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been considered as one of the hallmarks of ischemic stroke and contributes to the pathology of ischemia and reperfusion. Mitochondria is essential in promoting neural survival and neurological improvement following ischemic stroke. Therefore, mitochondria represent an important drug target for stroke treatment. This review discusses the mitochondrial molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemia and involved in reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial electron transport dysfunction, mitochond...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 4, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: He Z, Ning N, Zhou Q, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Contraceptive drug, Nestorone, enhances stem cell-mediated remodeling of the stroke brain by dampening inflammation and rescuing mitochondria
Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Mar 24:S0891-5849(22)00123-X. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.020. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIschemic stroke remains a significant unmet need causing massive mortality and morbidity due to few treatment options with limited therapeutic window. The progestin Nestorone® (segesterone acetate) displays high affinity for the progesterone receptor in exerting its potent birth control and hormone replacement therapy. Accumulating evidence implicates a new utility of Nestorone in affording neuroprotection in a variety of central nervous system diseases, including stroke. However, the mechanism o...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 28, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Jea-Young Lee Vanessa Castelli Narender Kumar Regine Sitruk-Ware Cesario V Borlongan Source Type: research

Sulforaphane preconditioning of the Nrf2/HO-1 defense pathway protects the cerebral vasculature against blood-brain barrier disruption and neurological deficits in stroke.
In conclusion, we propose that pharmacological or dietary interventions aimed to precondition the brain via activation of the Nrf2 defense pathway in the cerebral microvasculature provides a novel therapeutic approach to prevent BBB breakdown and neurological dysfunction in stroke. PMID: 24017972 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - September 6, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Alfieri A, Srivastava S, Siow RC, Cash D, Modo M, Duchen MR, Fraser PA, Williams SC, Mann GE Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Administration of 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid that potentially targets mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase confers cerebral preconditioning against ischemic stroke injury.
The objective of this study was to investigate a possible role of mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) as a chemical preconditioning target for neuroprotection against ischemic injury. We used 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (MICA), a reportedly reversible DLDH inhibitor, as the preconditioning agent and administered MICA to rats mainly via dietary intake. Upon completion of 4 week's MICA treatment, rats underwent 1h transient ischemia and 24h reperfusion followed by tissue collection. Our results show that MICA protected the brain against ischemic stroke injury as the infarction volume of the brain from t...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - October 7, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Wu J, Li R, Li W, Ren M, Thangthaeng N, Sumien N, Liu R, Yang S, Simpkins JW, Forster MJ, Yan LJ Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Peroxynitrite activates NLRP3 inflammasome and contributes to hemorrhagic transformation and poor outcome in ischemic stroke with hyperglycemia.
In conclusion, peroxynitrite could mediate activations of MMPs and NLRP3 inflammasome, aggravate the BBB damage and HT, and induce poor outcome in ischemic stroke with hyperglycemia. Therefore, targeting peroxynitrite-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome could be a promising strategy for ischemic stroke with hyperglycemia. PMID: 33515754 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 27, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Chen H, Guan B, Chen S, Yang D, Shen J Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 contributes to N-acetylcysteine's protection in stroke.
Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality with very limited treatment options. Evidence from pre-clinical models of ischemic stroke has demonstrated that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively protects the brain from ischemic injury. Here, we evaluated a new pathway through which NAC exerted its neuroprotection in a transient cerebral ischemia animal model. Our results demonstrated that pre-treatment of NAC increased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), the regulatable subunit of HIF-1, and its target proteins erythropoietin (EPO) and glucose transporter (...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 29, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang Z, Yan J, Taheri S, Liu J, Shi H Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decreases oxidative stress, apoptosis and hippocampal damage in brain of a spontaneously stroke model.
Abstract Stroke is the most common cause of motor disabilities and is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Adult stem cells have been shown to be effective against neuronal degeneration through mechanisms that include both the recovery of neurotransmitter activity and a decrease in apoptosis and oxidative stress. We chose the lineage Stroke Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHRSP) as a model for stem cells therapy. SHRSP can develop such severe hypertension that they generally suffer a stroke at approximately one year of age. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) decreas...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 10, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Longoni Calió M, Sousa Marinho D, Mi Ko G, Rodrigues R, Ferraz Carbonel A, Missae Oyama L, Ormanji M, Pinoti Guirao T, Luiz Calió P, Aparecida Reis L, de Jesus Simões M, Lisboa do Nascimento T, Teixeira Ferreira A, Rejane Antônio Bertoncini C Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Atorvastatin alleviates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via modulating the microbial composition and the intestinal barrier function in ischemic stroke mice.
We report herein that atorvastatin significantly ameliorated the defects in sensorimotor behaviors and reduced microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting proinflammatory polarization of microglia in the peri-infarct cortex of the mice with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Moreover, atorvastatin reversed microbial composition (characterized by increased abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus and decreased Bacteroidetes abundance), increased fecal butyrate level, promoted intestinal barrier function (elevated protein levels of claudin-1, occludin and mucoprotein 2), as well as regulated intestin...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - December 3, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang P, Zhang X, Huang Y, Chen J, Shang W, Shi G, Zhang L, Zhang C, Chen R Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Iron promotes neurological function recovery in mice with ischemic stroke through endogenous repair mechanisms
In this study, we first observed that changes in iron metabolism occured during neurological function recovery in the mice with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO). Our data showed that plasticity changes due to endogenous repair mechanisms resulted in improvements in cerebral cortex function. These changes involved gliosis, synaptic function reconstruction, remyelination, and activation of neural stem cells. In order to examine the potential role of iron, we synthesized liposomal-encapsulated deferoxamine (DFO) nanoparticles to further explore the effect and the mechanism of iron on the recovery of neurologica...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 24, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Xin Guo Xiaofang Jin Kang Han Shaomeng Kang Siyu Tian Xin Lv Mudi Feng Huiwen Zheng Yong Zuo Guodong Xu Ming Hu Jing Xu Peiyuan Lv Yan-Zhong Chang Source Type: research

Therapeutic treatment with ascorbate rescues mice from heat stroke-induced death by attenuating systemic inflammatory response and hypothalamic neuronal damage.
This study was performed by using the characteristic high lethality rate and sepsis-mimic systemic inflammatory response of a murine model of heat stroke to test our hypothesis that supra-physiological doses of ascorbate may have therapeutic use in critical care. We demonstrated that parenteral administration of ascorbate abrogated the lethality and thermoregulatory dysfunction in murine model of heat stroke by attenuating heat stroke-induced accelerated systemic inflammatory, coagulation responses and the resultant multiple organ injury, especially in hypothalamus. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis and notion t...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - December 15, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Chang CY, Chen JY, Chen SH, Cheng TJ, Lin MT, Hu ML Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Combined NADPH and the NOX inhibitor apocynin provides greater anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of stroke.
This study was designed to elucidate the effects of co-treatment with NADPH and NOX inhibitor apocynin on ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain inflammation and neuronal injury. The results showed that both NADPH and apocynin markedly attenuated ischemia/reperfusion-induced increases in the levels of NOX2, NOX4 and ROS. NADPH and apocynin significantly inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, NF-κBp65 nuclear localization, and the expression of NF-κB target gene cyclooxygenase (COX2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, both NADPH and apocynin suppressed the expression of inflammasome pro...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 25, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Qin YY, Li M, Feng X, Wang J, Cao L, Shen XK, Chen J, Sun M, Sheng R, Han F, Qin ZH Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

The neuroprotective properties of the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol correlate with its ability to reduce pathological glutamate release in a rodent model of stroke.
Abstract The contribution of oxidative stress to ischemic brain damage is well established. Nevertheless, for unknown reasons, several clinically tested antioxidant therapies failed to show benefits in human stroke. Based on our previous in vitro work, we hypothesized that the neuroprotective potency of antioxidants is related to their ability to limit release of the excitotoxic amino acids, glutamate and aspartate. We explored the effects of two antioxidants, tempol and edaravone, on amino acid release in the brain cortex, in a rat model of transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo). Amino acid leve...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - September 12, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Dohare P, Hyzinski-García MC, Vipani A, Bowens NH, Nalwalk JW, Feustel PJ, Keller RW, Jourd'heuil D, Mongin AA Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research