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Total 137 results found since Jan 2013.

Totarol prevents neuronal injury in vitro and ameliorates brain ischemic stroke: Potential roles of Akt activation and HO-1 induction.
In this study, we determined whether totarol possessed an additional neuroprotective activity in vitro and in vivo. We found that totarol prevented glutamate- and oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced neuronal death in primary rat cerebellar granule neuronal cells and cerebral cortical neurons. Totarol increased Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation, Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expressions and suppressed oxidative stress by increasing GSH and SOD activities. The PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 prevented totarol neuroprotective effect by suppressing the totarol-induced changes in HO-1 expression and the activities of GS...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - October 3, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Gao Y, Xu X, Chang S, Wang Y, Xu Y, Ran S, Huang Z, Li P, Li J, Zhang L, Saavedra JM, Liao H, Pang T Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Brainstem ischemic stroke after to Bothrops atrox snakebite.
We report case of a 48 years old woman bitten on her right foot by a Bothrops atrox viper. As a result, she developed a severe coagulopathy which improved with application of polyvalent antivenom. Four days after bite she suffered a devastating brainstem ischemic stroke. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID: 27527269 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicon - August 11, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cañas CA Tags: Toxicon Source Type: research

Hemorrhagic stroke secondary to Bothrops spp. venom: A case report.
Abstract The Bothrops spp. venom contain metalloproteinases that contributes to vascular and hemorrhagic effects. This case report describes a 58 years-old patient from the city of Dona Inês, Paraiba, Brazil victim of an ophidian accident by Bothrops spp. The vascular and hemorrhagic effects of venom components have triggered a hemorrhagic stroke. Brazil has about 600 deaths annually due to ophidian accidents. However, as reports have been precarious, the obtaining of epidemiological-clinical data has been affected. This case highlights the importance of prior knowledge of possible neurological and vascular compl...
Source: Toxicon - April 1, 2017 Category: Toxicology Authors: Delgado AB, Vaz Lacet Gondim CC, Reichert LP, da Silva PH, da Costa E Souza RM, de Paiva Fernandes TM, Calvo BF Tags: Toxicon Source Type: research

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban particle matter exacerbate movement disorder after ischemic stroke via potentiation of neuroinflammation
A recent epidemiological study showed that air pollution is closely involved in the prognosis of ischemic stroke. We and others have reported that microglial activation in ischemic stroke plays an important ro...
Source: Particle and Fibre Toxicology - February 16, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Miki Tanaka, Tomoaki Okuda, Kouichi Itoh, Nami Ishihara, Ami Oguro, Yoshiaki Fujii-Kuriyama, Yu Nabetani, Megumi Yamamoto, Christoph F. A. Vogel and Yasuhiro Ishihara Tags: Research Source Type: research

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranoside confers neuroprotection in cell and animal models of ischemic stroke through calpain1/PKA/CREB-mediated induction of neuronal glucose transporter 3.
In this study, we showed that SalA-4g promoted neuronal survival and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in primary hippocampal neurons exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and in rats subjected to ischemia by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), respectively, and that SalA-4g was more neuroprotective than salidroside. We further found that SalA-4g elevated glucose uptake in OGD-injured primary hippocampal neurons and increased the expression and recruitment of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) in ischemic brain. Signaling analysis revealed that SalA-4g triggered the phosphorylation of CREB, and increased the...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - April 11, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yu S, Chen Q, Li L, Liu M, Yang Y, Ding F Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Estimating the decline in excess risk of cerebrovascular disease following quitting smoking - A systematic review based on the negative exponential model.
Abstract We attempted to quantify the decline in stroke risk following quitting using the negative exponential model, with methodology previously employed for IHD. We identified 22 blocks of RRs (from 13 studies) comparing current smokers, former smokers (by time quit) and never smokers. Corresponding pseudo-numbers of cases and controls/at risk formed the data for model-fitting. We tried to estimate the half-life (H, time since quit when the excess risk becomes half that for a continuing smoker) for each block. The method failed to converge or produced very variable estimates of H in nine blocks with a current sm...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - November 26, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lee PN, Fry JS, Thornton AJ Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

The effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on cerebral ischemia in rats: An experimental study
Stroke is one of the major reasons of death in the United States and related to adult disability. Despite aggressive research, the treatment approaches of stroke still remains a major clinical problem. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a polyspecific Ig G preparation obtained from plasma of several thousand healthy people (donors). IVIg is an important treatment approach and used for several disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of IVIg therapy in experimentally induced ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models of rats. A total of 30 adult male Sprague Da...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - January 29, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Tunik, S., Aluclu, M. U., Acar, A., Akkoc, H., Guzel, A., Alabalik, U., Akkus, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Realgar and cinnabar are essential components contributing to neuroprotection of Angong Niuhuang Wan with no hepatorenal toxicity in transient ischemic brain injury.
In this study, we compared the neuropharmacological effects of AGNHW and modified AGNHW in an experimental ischemic stroke rat model. Male SD rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus 22 h of reperfusion. Although oral administration of AGNHW for 7 days in the rats increased arsenic level in the blood and liver tissue, there were no significant changes in the arsenic level in kidney, mercury level in the blood, liver and kidney as well as hepatic and renal functions in MCAO rats. AGNHW revealed neuroprotective properties by reducing infarction volume, preserving blood-brain barrier in...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - June 13, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Tsoi B, Wang S, Gao C, Luo Y, Li W, Yang D, Yang D, Shen J Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Identification of novel and potential PPAR γ stimulators as repurposed drugs for MCAO associated brain degeneration
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022 May 9:116055. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116055. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) has been shown to have therapeutic promise in the treatment of ischemic stroke and is supported by several studies. To identify possible PPARγ activators, the current study used an in silico technique in conjunction with molecular simulations and in vivo validation. FDA-approved drugs were evaluated using molecular docking to determine their affinity for PPARγ. The findings of molecular simulations support the repurposing of rabeprazole and ethambutol for the ...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - May 13, 2022 Category: Toxicology Authors: Halima Usman Zhen Tan Mehreen Gul Sajid Rashid Tahir Ali Fawad Ali Shah Shupeng Li Jing Bo Li Source Type: research

Silibinin exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by activating the GAS6/Axl pathway
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of SIL against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in neuroblastoma N2a cells, and the mechanisms involved. Firstly, the toxicity of SIL was evaluated, and safe concentrations were chosen for subsequent experiments. Then, SIL exerts significant neuroprotection against hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury in N2a cells, as manifested by increased cell viability, decreased apoptotic rate, LDH, and ROS generation. Additionally, SIL was found to inhibit HR-induced apoptosis, mitochondria dysfunction, and oxidative stress. However, silencing of GAS6 inhibited the neuroprotecti...
Source: Toxicology - August 6, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Weiping Li Zhe Zhang Jiawen Li Jun Mu Meng Sun Xue Wu Xiaochen Niu Yang Yang Huanle Yan Xiaoling Xu Chengxu Xue Lu Qian Ye Tian Source Type: research

Magnolol protects neurons against ischemia injury via the downregulation of p38/MAPK, CHOP and nitrotyrosine.
Abstract Magnolol is isolated from the herb Magnolia officinalis, which has been demonstrated to exert pharmacological effects. Our aim was to investigate whether magnolol is able to act as an anti-inflammatory agent bring about neuroprotection using a global ischemic stroke model and to determine the mechanisms involved. Rats were treated with and without magnolol after ischemia reperfusion brain injury by occlusion of the two common carotid arteries. The inflammatory cytokine production in serum and the volume of infarction in the brain were measured. The proteins present in the brains obtained from the stroke a...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - July 16, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chen JH, Kuo HC, Lee KF, Tsai TH Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Clinical differences between A1 and A2 botulinum toxin subtypes.
In this study, A2NTX showed significantly higher efficacy 30 days after injection (Fig. 2), and less spread of the effect as measured by the hand grip of the unaffected side than A1LL. Functional independence measure (FIM) was also significantly improved for A2NTX, but not for A1LL. Additional large-scale clinical trials are warranted to further evaluate this promising new treatment. PMID: 26394198 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicon - September 19, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kaji R Tags: Toxicon Source Type: research