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New spectrum of the neurologic consequences of Zika
Zika virus infection represents a new neuropathological agent with association to a wide spectrum of neurological complications: a) Congenital Zika Syndrome by affecting the neural stem cells of the human fetal brain; b) Guillain-Barr é Syndrome by an autoimmune response against peripheral myelin and/or axonal components or probable direct inflammatory reaction; c) Encephalitis/meningoencephalitis and myelitis by a direct viral inflammatory process on the central nervous system; d) Sensory neuropathy by infecting directly the pe ripheral neurons and causing substantial cell death and pathogenic transcriptional dysregulati...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - October 31, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Marco T. Medina, Marco Medina-Montoya Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

What Causes Microcephaly?
Discussion Microcephaly is usually defined as an occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for sex, age and ethnicity. Severe microcephaly is used for OFC < 3 standard deviations. Rates of microcephaly range from 0.5-12 patients/10,000 live births. The OFC should be measured at every well child visit and at other opportunities and plotted on standard growth charts. The OFC is measured using a nonelastic tape measure around the largest part of the head with the tape measure held above the eyebrows and ears. It is a highly reproducible measurement. There are several diff...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 25, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Neurological involvement in Chikangunya Virus infection (S40.007)
Conclusions:Chikangunya fever is frequently associated with neurological symptoms, especially alteration in sensorium, neutrophilia and hyponatremia in more than two-thirds of the patients, sepsis and hepatorenal dysfunction in almost one third of the patients, CSF lymphocytosis with raised proteins and topographically involves temporal and frontal lobes predominantly.Disclosure: Dr. Anand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kasundra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prasad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Handa has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Anand, R., Kasundra, G., Prasad, A., Handa, R. Tags: Infectious Disease: The Neurology of Zika, Chikungunya, and Acute Flaccid Myelitis Source Type: research