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Noncontrast CT vs CT Perfusion or MRI Selection in Late Presentation of Large-Vessel –Occlusion Stroke
This cohort study compares the clinical outcomes of patients with stroke who presented 6 to 24 hours after symptom onset and were selected for mechanical thrombectomy by noncontrast computed tomography vs those selected by computed tomography perfusion or magnetic resonance imaging.
Source: JAMA Neurology - November 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Questions on Predicting Early Neurological Deterioration in Patients With Minor Stroke and Large-Vessel Occlusion —Reply
In Reply We thank Ospel and colleagues for their thoughtful comments on our article showing that more proximal occlusion and greater thrombus length predict early neurological deterioration of ischemic origin (ENDi) in patients with acute minor ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion treated with intravenous thrombolysis, with implications regarding how to best manage these patients. Although the precise pathophysiological links between more proximal occlusion, a longer thrombus, and ENDi are uncertain, we fully agree that a leading hypothesis is in situ thrombus extension leading to secondary hemodynamic compromise vi...
Source: JAMA Neurology - July 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Progressive Ataxia and Downbeat Nystagmus in the Adult
A 63-year-old man presented with a history of vomiting, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy, alcohol use, and stroke; physical examination found appendicular dysmetria with truncal ataxia and downbeat nystagmus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hyperintensity on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences without reduced diffusion in the cerebellar nodule. What is your diagnosis?
Source: JAMA Neurology - May 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Acute Minor Neurological Symptoms
To the Editor An observational study of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute minor neurological symptoms revealed imaging evidence for acute infarction in 13.5% and revision of clinical diagnosis in 30%. This “implies a considerable percentage of patients’ negative MRI findings resulted in a different diagnosis, likely that a presumed stroke did not exist.” This conclusion is misleading in 2 respects.
Source: JAMA Neurology - April 20, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Thrombolysis Works in Lacunar Infarct, Complicating Imaging Selection
A new, exploratory analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-up Stroke (WAKE-UP) trial by Barow and colleagues in this issue ofJAMA Neurology provides unique and compelling data suggesting that thrombolysis improves clinical outcomes after acute lacunar infarction. The European Union –commissioned, 500-patient, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled WAKE-UP trial of alteplase captured the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography of patients with acute ischemic stroke prior to thrombolysis. This allowed categorization of infarcts as lacunar vs n onlacunar, using...
Source: JAMA Neurology - March 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Clinical Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Vascular Brain Injury
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the clinical and therapeutic significance of magnetic resonance imaging markers of covert vascular brain injury (white matter hyperintensities, brain infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds) associated with stroke, dementia, and death in community-dwelling older adults.
Source: JAMA Neurology - October 22, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association of Collateral Blood Vessels With Neurological Outcome After Stroke
This cohort study assesses the association between the presence of collateral vessels identified using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic outcome in patients after acute ischemic stroke.
Source: JAMA Neurology - February 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Lesion Size and Perspective in Acute Ischemic Stroke
The computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of early cerebral ischemia are literally, and figuratively, shades of gray in decision making regarding the triage of patients with acute ischemic stroke for revascularization. The subtleties and areas of uncertainty on imaging of this dynamic process, where an arterial occlusion is mitigated by collateral perfusion in the brain, defy concrete rules or thresholds that are equally consequential across individual patients. Imaging criteria, whether more than one-third of the middle cerebral artery territory, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT (ASPECT) sc...
Source: JAMA Neurology - November 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Dark Matter of Cerebral Microbleeds
To the Editor I read with interest the article by Tsivgoulis et al inJAMA Neurology on cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and the risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after intravenous thrombolysis for acute stroke, as well as the accompanying Editorial by Fisher. This work follows and extends previous meta-analyses on a thorny topic for acute stroke neurology, demonstrating again that the presence of any number of CMBs on pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging is associated with more than doubling the risk for postthrombolysis ICH. Of importance, the authors provided new evidence from group-level and individual p...
Source: JAMA Neurology - August 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Computed Tomography Perfusion and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Acute Stroke
In Reply We thank Luo and colleagues for their interest and comments regarding our article on patients presenting lacunar syndrome with altered brain computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
Source: JAMA Neurology - June 27, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Worsening Stroke Symptoms in an 80-Year-Old Man
An 80-year-old man presented to the hospital with new-onset slurred speech and left-sided facial droop. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the head were visually interpreted to show an acute infarct involving the posterior right frontal lobe. What is your diagnosis?
Source: JAMA Neurology - June 6, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral Microbleeds, Cognition and Therapeutic Implications
A recent major clinical advance in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is the development of paramagnetic-sensitive sequences such as T2-weighted gradient-recalled echo and susceptibility-weighted images for the detection of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). On brain MRI, CMBs are small (≤5 to 10 mm in diameter), round, dark-signaled lesions that consist of extravasation of blood components through fragile microvascular walls that neuropathologically represent hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Magnetic resonance imaging–detected CMBs are common in elderly individuals, coexist with ischemic stroke and intracerebral he...
Source: JAMA Neurology - June 6, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Obesity, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon cause of stroke that primarily affects young adults. A unique risk factor profile and plurality of presenting features make it an elusive diagnosis unless a high index of suspicion is maintained. It comprises approximately 0.5% to 1% of all strokes, and widespread availability of magnetic resonance imaging has made recognition easier. The International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis is the largest prospective, multinational, observational study of patients with CVT to date, including 624 consecutive patients with symptomatic CVT at 89 centers between May ...
Source: JAMA Neurology - March 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Place of Neuroimaging in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
The burden of cerebrovascular disease is high: each year, approximately 795 000 people in the United States experience a new or recurrent stroke, leading to death in 128 824 individuals or being associated with death in 215 864 cases. However, the number of silent infarcts and microhemorrhages is much higher, causing cognitive and behavioral impairment in 17% of the population older than 65 years. These usually primarily asymptomatic events are often caused by cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) detected as white matter hyperintensities, lacunas, microbleeds, and cortical and subcortical atrophy in magnetic resonance...
Source: JAMA Neurology - February 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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