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Levetiracetam, an antiepileptic drug has neuroprotective effects on intracranial hemorrhage injury
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2020Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Takahiko Imai, Tomoki Sugiyama, Sena Iwata, Shinsuke Nakamura, Masamitsu Shimazawa, Hideaki HaraAbstractIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease that induces hematoma formation with poor neuronal outcome. Levetiracetam (LEV) has been approval for epilepsy seizures. In a previous study, LEV exerted protective effects on cerebral ischemia models; however, the detail effects and the influence of LEV on ICH are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oral administration of LEV (50 or 150 mg/kg) has protective...
Source: Neuroscience - February 13, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Caffeine Exacerbates Postictal Hypoxia
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Thomas J. Phillips, Renaud C. Gom, Marshal D. Wolff, G. Campbell TeskeyAbstractA stroke-like event follows seizures which may be responsible for the postictal state and a contributing factor to the development of seizure-induced brain abnormalities and behavioral dysfunction associated with epilepsy. Caffeine is the world’s most popular drug with ∼85% of people in the USA consuming it daily. Thus, persons with epilepsy are likely to have caffeine in their body and brain during seizures. This preclinical study investigated the effects of ac...
Source: Neuroscience - October 31, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Protective Role of Levetiracetam Against Cognitive Impairment And Brain White Matter Damage in Mouse prolonged Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Publication date: Available online 11 July 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Toshiki Inaba, Nobukazu Miyamoto, Kenichiro Hira, Yuji Ueno, Kazuo Yamashiro, Masao Watanabe, Yoshiaki Shimada, Nobutaka Hattori, Takao UrabeAbstractWhite matter lesions due to cerebral hypoperfusion may be an important pathophysiology in vascular dementia and stroke, although the inherent mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study, using a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, examined the white matter protective effects of levetiracetam, an anticonvulsant, via the signaling cascade from the activation of cAMP-responsiv...
Source: Neuroscience - July 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Impact of the Ketogenic Diet on Glial Cells Morphology. A Quantitative Morphological Analysis
Publication date: Available online 18 June 2019Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): K. Gzielo, Z. Soltys, Z. Rajfur, Z.K. SetkowiczAbstractKetogenic diet is reported to protect against cognitive decline, drug-resistant epilepsy, Alzheimer's Disease, damaging effect of ischemic stroke and many neurological diseases. Despite mounting evidence that this dietary treatment works, the exact mechanism of its protective activity is largely unknown. Ketogenic diet acts systemically, not only changing GABA signaling in neurons, but also influencing the reliance on mitochondrial respiration, known to be disrupted in many neurological disea...
Source: Neuroscience - June 18, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Gabapentin prevents cortical spreading depolarization-induced disinhibition
Publication date: 11 October 2017 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 361 Author(s): Masoud Mesgari, Johanna Krüger, Christopher Theo Riemer, Maryam Khaleghi Ghadiri, Stjepana Kovac, Ali Gorji Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) has an important role in brain diseases such as stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, migraine with aura, and epilepsy. Several anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are used to treat paroxysmal brain diseases and are thus known to suppress CSD. One of these AEDs is gabapentin (GBP) which has been traditionally used for treatment of some CSD-related neurological diseases. We applied intra- and extracellular recordi...
Source: Neuroscience - September 2, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Quercetin inhibits acid-sensing ion channels through a putative binding site in the central vestibular region
Publication date: 21 April 2017 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 348 Author(s): Mohona Mukhopadhyay, Anurag Singh, S. Sachchidanand, Amal Kanti Bera Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are associated with many pathophysiological processes, such as neuronal death during ischemic stroke, epileptic seizure and nociception. However, there is a dearth of ASIC-specific therapeutic blockers. Here we report that quercetin, a plant flavonoid, which is known for its neuroprotective effect, reversibly inhibits homomeric rat ASIC1a, ASIC2a and ASIC3 with an IC50 of about 2µM. Also, quercetin prevents low pH-induced intracellular calcium ri...
Source: Neuroscience - March 9, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Hyperglycemia reduces functional expression of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels and glial glutamate uptake
Publication date: 3 December 2015 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 310 Author(s): D.E. Rivera-Aponte, M.P. Méndez-González, A.F. Rivera-Pagán, Y.V. Kucheryavykh, L.Y. Kucheryavykh, S.N. Skatchkov, M.J. Eaton Diabetics are at risk for a number of serious health complications including an increased incidence of epilepsy and poorer recovery after ischemic stroke. Astrocytes play a critical role in protecting neurons by maintaining extracellular homeostasis and preventing neurotoxicity through glutamate uptake and potassium buffering. These functions are aided by the presence of potassium channels, such as Kir4.1 inward...
Source: Neuroscience - October 4, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Reduced severity of ischemic stroke and improvement of mitochondrial function after dietary treatment with the anaplerotic substance triheptanoin
Publication date: 6 August 2015 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 300 Author(s): T.M. Schwarzkopf , K. Koch , J. Klein Triheptanoin, an oily substance, consists of glycerol bound to three molecules of heptanoic acid, a C7 odd-chain fatty acid. A triheptanoin-rich diet has anaplerotic effects because heptanoate metabolism yields succinate which delivers substrates to the Krebs cycle. While previous studies on the effects of triheptanoin focused on metabolic disorders and epilepsy, we investigated triheptanoin’s effect on ischemic stroke. Mice were fed a triheptanoin-enriched diet for 14days; controls received soybean oil. Onl...
Source: Neuroscience - June 3, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research