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Clean air for Brain Heath; ongoing agenda of 2018 World Brain Day
The latest estimate of attributable deaths to pollution worldwide is extraordinary: 9 million deaths annually [2]. Deaths are related to cardiovascular disorders (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and stroke), lung diseases and cancers. The recent Global Burden of Disease study, based on 1990 –2013 data from 188 countries demonstrated that air pollution contributes to 29.2% of the global burden of stroke. However the burden varies between 10% in high-income countries and 34% in low- and middle-income countries [3].
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - December 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: J. Reis, P.S. Spencer, M. Wasay, W. Grisold, W.M. Carroll Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Delayed leukoencephalopathy after recanalized cardioembolic stroke: Two case reports
A 66-year-old man with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and myocardial infarction was admitted to our hospital due to sudden somnolence, global aphasia, right spatial neglect, and right hemiparesis. Diffusion weighted images (DWI) revealed no hyperintense lesions (Fig. 1A, B). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrated an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). The patient was treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular therapy using the Penumbra ™ 3MAX and 5MAX ACE catheters, leading to successful recanalization of the MCA 287min after symptom onse...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - May 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Takaomi Singu, Yuichiro Inatomi, Toshiro Yonehara, Yukio Ando Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Age, sex, and race/ethnic temporal trends in metabolic syndrome prevalence among individuals with myocardial infarction or stroke in the United States
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, affects 1 in 3 adults in the United States. Recent trends in MetS prevalence among MI and stroke survivors are unknown.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 31, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Alain Lekoubou, Bruce Ovbiagele, Daniela Markovic, Nerses Sanossian, Amytis Towfighi Source Type: research

Clopidogrel and ischemic stroke outcomes by smoking status: Smoker's paradox?
Active smokers with myocardial infarction were shown to have enhanced benefit with clopidogrel compared with aspirin. Whether this “paradox” exists in ischemic stroke patients is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether smoking status has a differential impact on the efficacy of clopidogrel vs. aspirin in patients with non-cardioembolic strokes.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - December 16, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Qian Zhang, Yuan Wang, Haiqing Song, Chengbei Hou, Qingyu Cao, Kai Dong, Xiaoqin Huang, Wuwei Feng, Bruce Ovbiagele, Moli Wang, Xunming Ji Source Type: research

Reply to effect of CYP2C19*2 and *3 on clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients treated with Clopidogrel
We read with great interest the recent publication of Wang et al. [1] evaluating the relationship between CYP2C19 genotypes with nonfatal ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. The striking finding of this study was that the presence of CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) alleles may increase the recurrent risk of ischemic events. The polymorphisms of CYP2C19 may be predictors of poor functional outcome of patients without stent and the effect may be weakened by time [1]. Similarly, the authors recently demonstrated that in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke who can be treated with...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - October 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Demetrios Moris, Chris Bakoyiannis, Georgios Karaolanis, Sotirios Georgopoulos Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Mobile Health Medication Adherence and Blood Pressure Control in Recent Stroke Patients
Among stroke survivors, achieving consistency of blood pressure (BP) control lowers risk of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and other vascular events.1,2 However, less than one third of recent stroke survivors have BP controlled ≥ 75% of the time. 2 Key factors responsible for suboptimal BP control are medication non-adherence and failure to intensify therapy in a timely manner (i.e., therapeutic inertia). 3, 4 Efficacious BP control programs are needed which are feasible, and sustainable.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - October 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Bruce Ovbiagele, Carolyn Jenkins, Sachin Patel, Brenda Brunner-Jackson, Ashley Anderson, Raelle Saulson, Frank Treiber Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

CNS-disease affecting the heart: Brain–heart disorders
Abstract: There are a number of hereditary and non-hereditary central nervous system (CNS) disorders, which directly or indirectly affect the heart (brain–heart disorders). The most well-known of these CNS-disorders are epilepsy, stroke, subarachanoid bleeding, bacterial meningitis, and head injury. In addition, a number of hereditary and non-hereditary neurodegenerative disorders may impair cardiac functions. Affection of the heart may manifest as arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, or autonomic dysfunction. Rarer cardiac complications of CNS disorders include heart failure, systolic or diastolic dysfunction, myocardial infarc...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - July 10, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Josef Finsterer, Karim Wahbi Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-12 gene polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Tunisian population
In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the association between MMP-1-16071G/2G, MMP-12 -82A/G and MMP-12 1082A/G genotypes and haplotypes and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To examine whether these genetic polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to IS, 196 patients with IS and 192 controls were examined by PCR-based RFLP. When the analyses were adjusted for multiple risk factors, no interaction between T2DM and MMP-1-1607 1G/2G polymorphism on the risk of ischemic stroke was found (p=0.074). However, MMP-12 polymorphisms genotypes were associated ...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - May 16, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Khouloud Chehaibi, Mohamed Yahia Hrira, Samir Nouira, Faouzi Maatouk, Khaldoun Ben Hamda, Mohamed Naceur Slimane Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Risk factors and acute ischemic stroke subtypes
Conclusion: Specific AIS etiology and blood characteristics associated independently to the youngest and oldest AIS patients, respectively. Chronic kidney disease was a specific predictor of cerebellum–brainstem AIS. AIS mortality showed peculiar association with the oldest patients.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 31, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Aliaksei Kisialiou, Rodolfo Grella, Albino Carrizzo, Giordana Pelone, Michelangelo Bartolo, Chiara Zucchella, Francesco Rozza, Giovanni Grillea, Claudio Colonnese, Luigi Formisano, Maria Lembo, Annibale A. Puca, Carmine Vecchione Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients following endovascular intervention: Role and clinical utility of transcranial Doppler
I have read, with great interest, a recently published article in the Journal of Neurological Sciences by Aoki et al. titled ‘Post-intervention TCD examination may be useful to predict outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients with successful intra-arterial intervention’ . The study included 50 patients who were treated with intra-arterial (IA) therapy for major arterial occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA). Only patients with recanalization of the MCA territory stratified as grade 2 or higher based on the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction classification system were include...
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 16, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Dale Ding Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Post-intervention TCD examination may be useful to predict outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients with successful intra-arterial intervention
Conclusion: Follow-up TCD examination after IA intervention in acute stroke patients may predict poor outcome beyond angiographic residual TIMI flow.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - August 15, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Junya Aoki, Larry N. Raber, Irene L. Katzan, Muhammad Shazam Hussain, Ferdinand K. Hui, Ken Uchino Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The efficacy and safety of aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin in secondary prevention following TIA or stroke: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Conclusions: Aspirin plus dipyridamole combination therapy was beneficial in reducing the recurrence of stroke, and did not increase the bleeding event. Hence, aspirin plus dipyridamole combination therapy is effective and safe for the secondary prevention of stroke.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - July 19, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Xia Li, Guoyu Zhou, Xueying Zhou, Shengnian Zhou Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research