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COVID-19 Associated Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Successfully Treated with Nimodipine and Aspirin
A 31-year-old sexually active, non-smoker female with a past medical history of spina-bifida and idiopathic thoracolumbar scoliosis status post hardware spinal fusion surgery five years ago presented with a one-day history of severe holocranial headaches associated with nausea and visual changes. A thorough neurological examination was intact. She complained of mild cough as well. She had a positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR assay. A comprehensive drug screen including amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, and ecstasy as well as a pregnancy test were negative; coagulation profile was within normal limits.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - April 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Tarab Mansoor, Ali A. Alsarah, Hossein Mousavi, Javed Elyias, Tarun Girotra, Omar Hussein Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Functional Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cigarette smoking and outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: This was a retrospective review of consecutive ICH patients enrolled in the ICH Outcomes Project from 2009 to 2017. Patients with age ≥18 years and baseline modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-2 were included.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - July 2, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Natasha Ironside, Ching-Jen Chen, Josephine Pucci, Edward Sander Connolly Source Type: research

Influence of Prior Nicotine and Alcohol Use on Functional Outcome in Patients after Intracerebral Hemorrhage
The influence of prior nicotine or alcohol use (legal drug use [LDU]) on outcome measures after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is insufficiently established. We investigated drug-specific associations with (1) neuroradiologic and clinical parameters and (2) functional long-term outcome after ICH.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - November 27, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Jochen A. Sembill, Maximilian I. Spr ügel, Stefan T. Gerner, Vanessa D. Beuscher, Antje Giede-Jeppe, Margarete Stocker, Philip Hoelter, Hannes Lücking, Joji B. Kuramatsu, Hagen B. Huttner Source Type: research

Delayed Varenicline Administration Reduces Inflammation and Improves Forelimb Use Following Experimental Stroke
Pharmacological activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), specifically by activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, has been shown to confer short-term improvements in outcome. Most studies have investigated administration within 24 hours of stroke, and few have investigated drugs approved for use in human patients. We investigated whether delayed administration of varenicli ne, a high-affinity agonist at α7 nicotinic receptors and an established therapy for nicotine addiction, decreased brain inflammation and improved functional performance in a mouse model of experimental stroke.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 7, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Siyi Chen, Laura Bennet, Ailsa L. McGregor Source Type: research

Effects of the Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on the Eicosanoid Receptors in Nicotine-induced Contraction of the Rat Basilar Artery
Conclusions: BLT2 receptor seemed to be more involved in the nicotine-induced contraction than the BLT1 receptor. SAH did not affect the involvement of eicosanoids in the nicotine-induced contraction of the rat basilar artery. The present study shows the involvement of some of the arachidonic acid metabolites into signaling pathways of nicotine-induced contraction. It will serve to improve therapeutic interventions of SAH and suggests a promising approach to protect the cerebral vasculature of cigarette smokers.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 14, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Xu Ji, Cristina C. Trandafir, Aimin Wang, Kazuyoshi Kurahashi Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Influence of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Nicotine-induced Contraction of the Rat Basilar Artery in Relation to Arachidonic Acid Metabolites Signaling Pathway
Conclusions: One week after exposure to SAH, PLC, sPLA2, and COX-2 activity were enhanced and cPLA2 activity was inhibited. One hour after exposure to SAH, PLC activity was enhanced and cPLA2 and iPLA2 activity was inhibited. Such changes of inflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites by smoking after SAH may play important roles in fatal cerebral circulatory disorders, suggesting important implications for the etiology and pathogenesis of SAH.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - January 3, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Xu Ji, Aimin Wang, Cristina C. Trandafir, Kazuyoshi Kurahashi Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Influence of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Nicotine-induced Contraction of the Rat Basilar Artery in Relation to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Calcium, and Potassium Channels
Conclusions: Nicotine-induced contraction of the rat basilar artery involved the CNS nAChR subfamily, skeletal muscle nAChR subfamily, and L-type Ca2+ channel pathways. SAH did not affect any of the subfamilies of nAChR, but the Ca2+ channel was reduced and the adenosine triphosphate–sensitive K+ channel was enhanced by SAH.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - November 4, 2011 Category: Neurology Authors: Xu Ji, Aimin Wang, Cristina C. Trandafir, Kazuyoshi Kurahashi Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research