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Safety, tolerability and feasibility of remotely-instructed home-based transcranial direct current stimulation in children with cerebral palsy
Perinatal stroke or brain bleeds affect an estimated 1 in 3500 births in the United States, with an increased risk of developing cerebral palsy (CP), a developmental disorder associated with motor impairment [1,2]. While many CP rehabilitation approaches emphasize behavioral repetition to improve gait and upper extremity function, these therapies are costly, restricted to the clinic, and may offer limited functional gains [3]. Therefore, innovative rehabilitation strategies which are accessible, cost-effective, and time-efficient are indicated for long-term benefits.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - August 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Preston Christopher, Ellen Sutter, Marissa Gavioli, Daniel H. Lench, Gwendolyn Nytes, Veronika Mak, Emma A. Simpson, Chrysanthy Ikonomidou, Melissa A. Villegas, Catarina Saiote, Bernadette T. Gillick Source Type: research

Feasibility of remote transcranial direct current stimulation for pediatric cerebral palsy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Brain injury and stroke early in life occur during a time of heightened neuroplastic potential1. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technology including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are a promising way to enhance standard therapies and pediatric rehabilitation interventions by harnessing neuroplasticity2. Our experience in pioneering applications of NIBS during pediatric development has demonstrated its safety and efficacy when combined with rehabilitation strategies e.g. constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT)3,4.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - October 22, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Daniel H. Lench, Emma Simpson, Ellen N. Sutter, Bernadette T. Gillick Source Type: research

Abstract #24: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) electric field modeling in children after perinatal stroke
Background: Perinatal stroke (PS), the leading cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy (HCP), typically results from occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (arterial ischemic stroke, AIS). Subsequent motor impairments last a lifetime and improving function is difficult. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that may facilitate neuroplasticity and improve function. How current moves through the developing brain is different from adults. Modeling tDCS-induced electric fields (EF) is feasible but individual idiosyncrasies in lesion topology, white (WM) and grey matter (GM) arc...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: H.L. Carlson, A. Giuffre, P. Ciechanski, A. Kirton Source Type: research

Mapping contralesional motor cortex plasticity using robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with perinatal stroke
Introduction: Children with perinatal stroke are disabled by hemiparetic cerebral palsy (HCP). Motor control of the affected limb often resides in the contralesional hemisphere with preserved ipsilateral connections. Intensive therapies improve hand function but predictors are unknown. Individualized maps of the motor cortex (M1) may provide insight but are poorly studied. We aimed to use robotic TMS to characterize contralesional motor maps and their association with hand function in HCP.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: H. Kuo, E. Zewdie, A. Giuffre, A. Kirton Source Type: research

Patient-specific changes in motor network functional connectivity after brain stimulation in perinatal stroke
Introduction: Most hemiparetic cerebral palsy is caused by perinatal stroke resulting in lifelong motor disability. As a focal injury of defined timing in an otherwise healthy brain, perinatal stroke is an ideal human model of developmental neuroplasticity. Evidence shows that intensive rehabilitation paired with non-invasive brain stimulation can improve motor function. However, given large individual variability in plasticity, group statistics may not capture important patient-centred changes.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: H. Carlson, A. Kirton Source Type: research

Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Upper Extremity Robotic Therapy Improves Upper Extremity Function in an Adult with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study
Cerebral palsy is caused by a nonprogressive brain injury or stroke before birth or during the first two years of life. Unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) causes weakness and motor skill deficits on one side of the body. As people with USCP age, motor deficits persist due to disuse of the paretic side. Few therapies exist for adults with USCP. We tested feasibility and efficacy of upper limb therapy in adults with CP. Upper extremity robotic therapy can improve upper limb deficits in stroke patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kathleen M. Friel, Peter Lee, Disha Gupta, Hsing-Ching Kuo, Ana R.P. Smorenburg, Dylan J. Edwards Source Type: research

Safety of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Children and Adolescents
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial current stimulation (tCS) have the potential to mitigate a variety of symptoms associated with neurological and psychiatric conditions, including stroke, cerebral palsy, autism, depression, and Tourette syndrome. While the safety of these modalities has been established in adults, there is a paucity of research assessing the safety of NIBS among children.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - October 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Chandramouli Krishnan, Luciana Santos, Mark D. Peterson, Margaret Ehinger Source Type: research

Ipsilateral corticomotor neurophysiology in children with perinatal stroke
Perinatal stroke (PS) causes most hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Persistence of ipsilateral corticomotor connections from unlesioned hemisphere to aff5cted hand are common and associated with worse function. Ipsilateral cortical neurophysiology is poorly understood and a therapeutic target. We hypothesized that ipsilateral motor cortex demonstrates the same neurophysiological properties as normal contralateral systems.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: O. Damji, A. Kirton Tags: Abstracts Presented at NYC Neuromodulation 2013 Source Type: research