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Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology

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Total 35 results found since Jan 2013.

(H)IF applicable: promotion of neurogenesis by induced HIF-2 signalling after ischaemia
Pflugers Arch. 2021 Jul 12. doi: 10.1007/s00424-021-02600-8. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHIF-2 represents a tissue-specific isoform of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) which regulate oxygen homeostasis in the cell. In acute oxygen deficiency, HIF transcription factors ensure the timely restoration of adequate oxygen supply. Particularly in medical conditions such as stroke, which have a high mortality risk due to ischaemic brain damage, rapid recovery of oxygen supply is of extraordinary importance. Nevertheless, the endogenous mechanisms are often not sufficient to respond to severe hypoxic stress with restoring oxy...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - July 12, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Tristan Leu Joachim Fandrey Timm Schreiber Source Type: research

The crosstalk between cardiomyocyte calcium and inflammasome signaling pathways in atrial fibrillation.
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia in adults. The prevalence and incidence of AF is going to increase substantially over the next few decades. Because AF increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia, and others, it severely impacts the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. Although the pathogenesis of AF is multifaceted and complex, focal ectopic activity and reentry are considered as the fundamental proarrhythmic mechanisms underlying AF development. Over the past 2 decades, large amount of evidence points to the key role of intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation in both ini...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - January 28, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Wang X, Chen X, Dobrev D, Li N Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Atrial fibrillation rhythm is associated with marked changes in metabolic and myofibrillar protein expression in left atrial appendage.
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is strongly associated with risk of stroke and heart failure. AF promotes atrial remodeling that increases risk of stroke due to left atrial thrombogenesis, and increases energy demand to support high rate electrical activity and muscle contraction. While many transcriptomic studies have assessed AF-related changes in mRNA abundance, fewer studies have assessed proteomic changes. We performed a proteomic analysis on left atrial appendage (LAA) tissues from 12 patients with a history of AF undergoing elective surgery; atrial rhythm was documented at time of surgery. Proteomic analy...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - January 16, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Rennison JH, Li L, Lin CR, Lovano BS, Castel L, Wass SY, Cantlay CC, McHale M, Gillinov AM, Mehra R, Willard BB, Smith JD, Chung MK, Barnard J, Van Wagoner DR Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Vascular and haemodynamic issues of brain ageing.
Abstract The population is ageing worldwide, thus increasing the burden of common age-related disorders to the individual, society and economy. Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke, dementia) contribute a significant proportion of this burden and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding and promoting healthy vascular brain ageing are becoming an increasing priority for healthcare systems. In this review, we consider the effects of normal ageing on two major physiological processes responsible for vascular brain function: Cerebral autoregulation (CA) and neurovascular coupling (NVC). CA is ...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - January 13, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Beishon L, Clough RH, Kadicheeni M, Chithiramohan T, Panerai RB, Haunton VJ, Minhas JS, Robinson TG Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

MiRNA-190 exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke through Rho/Rho-kinase pathway.
This study was to investigate the role of miR-190 in the brain I/R injury. We divided the rats into sham, I/R, control, and miR-190-mim (miR-190 mimics) groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Nissl staining, flow cytometry, and western blot were conducted to examine the expression of miR-190 and cell apoptosis in different groups. The results showed that the expression of miR-190 was greatly decreased in rats suffering with I/R. Overexpression of miR-190 significantly reduced the increased neurological scores, brain water contents, infarct volumes, and neuronal apoptosis in rats suffering with ...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - November 16, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Jiang C, Dong N, Feng J, Hao M Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Glucose transporters in brain in health and disease.
Abstract Energy demand of neurons in brain that is covered by glucose supply from the blood is ensured by glucose transporters in capillaries and brain cells. In brain, the facilitative diffusion glucose transporters GLUT1-6 and GLUT8, and the Na+-D-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 are expressed. The glucose transporters mediate uptake of D-glucose across the blood-brain barrier and delivery of D-glucose to astrocytes and neurons. They are critically involved in regulatory adaptations to varying energy demands in response to differing neuronal activities and glucose supply. In this review, a comprehensive overview abo...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - August 12, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Koepsell H Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

TRPM4-specific blocking antibody attenuates reperfusion injury in a rat model of stroke.
We report the generation of a TRPM4-specific antibody M4P which binds to a region close to the channel pore. M4P could inhibit TRPM4 current and downregulate TRPM4 surface expression, therefore prevent hypoxia-induced cell swelling. In the rat model of 3-h stroke reperfusion, application of M4P at 2 h after occlusion ameliorated reperfusion injury by improving blood-brain barrier integrity, and enhanced functional recovery. Our results demonstrate that TRPM4 blockade could attenuate reperfusion injury in stroke recanalization. When applied together with reperfusion treatments, TRPM4 blocking antibody has the potential to e...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - October 28, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Chen B, Gao Y, Wei S, Low SW, Ng G, Yu D, Tu TM, Soong TW, Nilius B, Liao P Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Macrophages in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Abstract Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation of the arterial wall, and its main complications-myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke-together constitute the first cause of death worldwide. Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophage foam cells in the intima of inflamed arteries has long been recognized as a hallmark of atherosclerosis. However, in recent years, an unexpected complexity in the mechanisms of macrophage accumulation in lesions, in the protective and pathogenic functions performed by macrophages and how they are regulated has been uncovered. Here, we provide a...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - February 5, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Cochain C, Zernecke A Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Barrier function in the peripheral and central nervous system-a review.
Abstract The peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) are delicate structures, highly sensitive to homeostatic changes-and crucial for basic vital functions. Thus, a selection of barriers ensures the protection of the nervous system from noxious blood-borne or surrounding stimuli. In this chapter, anatomy and functioning of the blood-nerve (BNB), the blood-brain (BBB), and the blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) are presented and the key tight junction (TJ) proteins described: claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-5, claudin-11, claudin-12, claudin-19, occludin, Zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), and tricellulin are by now i...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Reinhold AK, Rittner HL Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Volume-regulated anion channel-a frenemy within the brain.
Abstract The volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) is a ubiquitously expressed yet highly enigmatic member of the superfamily of chloride/anion channels. It is activated by cellular swelling and mediates regulatory cell volume decrease in a majority of vertebrate cells, including those in the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, besides its crucial role in cellular volume regulation, VRAC is thought to play a part in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and release of physiologically active molecules. Although these roles are not exclusive to the CNS, the relative significance of VRAC in the brain is a...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - December 1, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Mongin AA Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Influence of starvation on heart contractility and corticosterone level in rats.
Abstract The physiological changes, including cardiac modification, that occur during starvation are not yet completely understood. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a 2-week starvation period on heart contractility, muscle mass, and irisin and corticosterone levels in rats. Rats in the starved group showed a significant reduction in the body, heart, kidney, and muscle weight (n = 23, p < 0.05). Blood glucose, total protein, and albumin showed a 44, 17.5, and 10.3 % reduction, respectively (p < 0.05). Lipid reserves, such as total lipid, triglyceride, and free fatty acid, we...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - March 19, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Lee SR, Ko TH, Kim HK, Marquez J, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Han J Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

The CNS under pathophysiologic attack-examining the role of K2P channels.
Abstract Members of the two-pore domain K(+) channel (K2P) family are increasingly recognized as being potential targets for therapeutic drugs and could play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disorders. Their broad and diverse expression pattern in pleiotropic cell types, importance in cellular function, unique biophysical properties, and sensitivity toward pathophysiologic parameters represent the basis for their involvement in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). This review will focus on multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke, as there is growing evidence for the involvement of K2P chann...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - December 9, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Ehling P, Cerina M, Budde T, Meuth SG, Bittner S Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Salt controls endothelial and vascular phenotype.
This article summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of high salt-induced alterations of the endothelial phenotype, the impact of the individual endothelial genotype, and the overall vascular phenotype. We focus on the endothelial Na(+) channel (EnNaC)-controlled nanomechanical properties of the endothelium, since high Na(+) leads to an EnNaC-induced Na(+)-influx and subsequent stiffening of endothelial cells. The mechanical stiffness of the endothelial cell (i.e., the endothelial phenotype) plays a crucial role as it controls the production of the endothelium-derived vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) ...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - November 26, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Kusche-Vihrog K, Schmitz B, Brand E Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

The two-pore domain potassium channel KCNK5 deteriorates outcome in ischemic neurodegeneration.
Abstract Potassium channels can fulfill both beneficial and detrimental roles in neuronal damage during ischemic stroke. Earlier studies have characterized a neuroprotective role of the two-pore domain potassium channels KCNK2 (TREK1) and KCNK3 (TASK1). Protective neuronal hyperpolarization and prevention of intracellular Ca(2+) overload and glutamate excitotoxicity were suggested to be the underlying mechanisms. We here identify an unexpected role for the related KCNK5 channel in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). KCNK5 is strongly upregulated on neurons upon cerebral ischemia, w...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - October 15, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Göb E, Bittner S, Bobak N, Kraft P, Göbel K, Langhauser F, Homola GA, Brede M, Budde T, Meuth SG, Kleinschnitz C Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research