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Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design

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Total 176 results found since Jan 2013.

Macrophages in Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis: a Target for Diagnostics and Therapy.
Abstract Immunopathology plays important roles in the development of different life-threatening diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its consequences (acute myocardial infarction and stroke), cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases. Effective modulation of the immune system may significantly increase the efficacy of prevention and therapy efforts. Currently there are no marketed drugs capable of normalizing immune system function in an intrinsic and comprehensive way. Here, we describe a test system designed for complex analysis of monocyte activity in individuals to diagnose immunopathology and monitor treatment e...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - October 13, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA, Gavrilin MA, Gratchev A, Kotyashova SY, Nikiforov NG, Kzhyshkowska J Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Genetic Signatures in the Treatment of Stroke.
Abstract Stroke is the fourth leading cause of mortality and neurological disability. It is caused by an intricate interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Genes not only influence susceptibility to stroke but have also been found to alter the response to pharmacological agents and may also influence the clinical outcome of the disease. Current treatment strategies for stroke include tissue plasminogen activator, antiplatelet agents and lipid lowering drugs. These act via diverse mechanisms of actions and are centered around the management of modifiable risk factors to prevent the recurrent stroke events. H...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - August 26, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Munshia A, Sharma V Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Anesthetic Neuroprotection: Antecedents and An Appraisal of Preclinical and Clinical Data Quality.
Abstract Anesthetics have been studied for nearly fifty years as potential neuroprotective compounds in both perioperative and resuscitation medicine. Although anesthetics present pharmacologic properties consistent with preservation of brain viability in the context of an ischemic insult, no anesthetic has been proven efficacious for neuroprotection in humans. After such effort, it could be concluded that anesthetics are simply not neuroprotective in humans. Moreover, pharmacologic neuroprotection with non-anesthetic drugs has also repeatedly failed to be demonstrated in acute brain injury. Recent focus has been ...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - February 3, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ishida K, Berger M, Nadler J, Warner DS Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Cardiac Vascular Diseases: an Update from Human Studies.
Abstract The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of risk factors including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, The MetS is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several international organizations have defined MetS using different diagnostic criteria that produced discrepancies in the results of previous studies, thus leading to the latest Joint Interim Societies (JIS) MetS definition. Other risk factors than the diagnostic criteria that have been associated with MetS include lipid abnormalities, u...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - December 5, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsiki N, Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

The Role of Statins in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: an Update.
Abstract The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. T2DM is associated with both microvascular (neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy) and macrovascular complications [coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, carotid artery disease and peripheral artery disease (PAD)]. Apart from acting on diabetic dyslipidemia, statins were shown to exert beneficial effects on several diabetic complications as well as other cardiovascular (CVD) risk predictors such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), me...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - September 12, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Niki Katsiki, Vasilios G Athyros, Asterios Karagiannis, Dimitri P Mikhailidis Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Transporters in Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Stroke.
Abstract Cerebral ischemia is one of the major causes of disability worldwide. In cerebral ischemic stroke, occlusion of a major cerebral artery by an embolus or local thrombosis can result in transient or permanent reduction of cerebral blood flow to a portion of the brain, resulting in deprivation of glucose and oxygen. Since the brain relies on a continuous supply of nutrients and ions via mostly carrier mediated processes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), any irregularity in these transport mechanisms dramatically affects neuronal function and outcome after acute and chronic stroke. Despite numerous encour...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - June 19, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shah K, Abbruscato T Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Corrigendum: a series of novel neuroprotective blood brain barrier penetrating flavonoid drugs to treat acute ischemic stroke.
Abstract The compounds described herein were designed and synthesized at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. The chemical synthesis for the specific compounds described in this article can be found in a recently published paper (J. Med. Chem. 55:378-389, 2012). The neuroprotection assays presented in this paper were conducted at the Salk Institute in collaboration with Cedars-Sinai Medical Center under a subcontract to NINDS grant NS060685 (PI Lapchak). PMID: 23330587 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - January 31, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lapchak PA Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Acute ischemic cerebrovascular events on antiplatelet therapy: What is the optimal prevention strategy?
Abstract Even though patients who develop ischemic stroke despite taking antiplatelet drugs represent a considerable proportion of stroke hospital admissions, there is a paucity of data from investigational studies regarding the most suitable therapeutic intervention. There have been no clinical trials to test whether increasing the dose or switching antiplatelet agents reduces the risk for subsequent events. Certain issues have to be considered in patients managed for a first or recurrent stroke while receiving antiplatelet agents. Therapeutic failure may be due to either poor adherence to treatment, associated c...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - December 26, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Milionis H, Michel P Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Anticoagulant prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: alternatives to vitamin K antagonists.
Abstract Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and risk factors for stroke need anticoagulation to avoid thromboembolic complications. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are an established pharmacological group the use of which is recommended by guidelines. However, VKAs (like warfarin) have major disadvantages, such as a variable dose-effect relationship, drug and food interactions, the need for regular blood testing and dose titration, and, finally, a substantial risk of bleeding. New oral anticoagulants are intended to replace warfarin, being at least as safe and effective, and lacking some of the disadv...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - December 26, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kozlowski D, Budrejko S, Raczak G, Rysz J, Banach M Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Clopidogrel, Aspirin and Proton Pump Inhibition after Percutaneous Valve Implants: An Update.
Conclusions: TAVR is a new technology that compresses a tissue valve onto an expandable stent. Technical and procedural issues have been solved, but strokes and major bleeding still affect patients' life despite double antiplatelet therapy given to reduce MACCE. To balance pros and cons, antithrombotic therapy with Warfarin or new anticoagulants can be used in patients with previous AF or NOAF to prevent stroke; while single antiplatelet with PPI is a better alternative in patients with liver disease, gastric ulcer or drug abuse to avoid bleeding events. While waiting for randomized trials, a tailored therapy based upon ph...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - December 4, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fusari M Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Gene polymorphism of angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors.
Abstract Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and in the responsiveness for various types of medications.  A large number of genetic investigations have been carried out to examine the association between gene variants of RAS and predisposition to cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and stroke.  Even though the major results were obtained from genetic association studies of angiotensinogen or angiotensin converting enzyme, unique findings were also elucidated from investigations concerning single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - November 21, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsuya T, Morishita R Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research