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Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with a Mediterranean diet: systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion This study supports a beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet on primary prevention of CVD and death in women, and is an important step in enabling sex specific guidelines.
Source: Heart - July 27, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pant, A., Gribbin, S., McIntyre, D., Trivedi, R., Marschner, S., Laranjo, L., Mamas, M. A., Flood, V., Chow, C. K., Zaman, S. Tags: Editor's choice, Press releases Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Sex and gender matter in cardiovascular disease and beyond
Sex and gender are fundamental drivers of virtually all major causes of death and disease, while gender equality has been shown to improve the health of both women and men at the population level. The term ‘sex’ is generally used to describe biological characteristics, while ‘gender’ is used to address social constructs. Sex and gender are intertwined and interconnect with other key drivers of health, such as age, socioeconomic position, race and ethnicity. Over the past decade, many clinically meaningful sex differences in several aspects of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been uncovered. Althoug...
Source: Heart - June 10, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Peters, S. A. E., Woodward, M. Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

Atrial fibrillation and risk of incident heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction
Conclusions AF is associated with both HFrEF and HFpEF events, with no significant difference in the strength of association among these subtypes.
Source: Heart - February 16, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nicoli, C. D., ONeal, W. T., Levitan, E. B., Singleton, M. J., Judd, S. E., Howard, G., Safford, M. M., Soliman, E. Z. Tags: Arrhythmias and sudden death Source Type: research

Association of physical activity trajectories with major cardiovascular diseases in elderly people
Conclusion Increasingly active trajectories of physical activity were associated with lower rates of cardiovascular diseases and overall mortality. Promoting at least 20 min/day of physical activity early in late life seems to provide the greatest cardiovascular benefits.
Source: Heart - February 16, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Barbiellini Amidei, C., Trevisan, C., Dotto, M., Ferroni, E., Noale, M., Maggi, S., Corti, M. C., Baggio, G., Fedeli, U., Sergi, G. Tags: Editor's choice Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Smoking cessation, weight gain and risk of cardiovascular disease
Conclusions Postcessation weight gain did not attenuate the protective association between smoking cessation and risk of CVD.
Source: Heart - February 16, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang, X., Dong, J.-Y., Cui, R., Muraki, I., Shirai, K., Yamagishi, K., Kokubo, Y., Saito, I., Yatsuya, H., Sawada, N., Iso, H., Tsugane, S., for the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group Tags: Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Heartbeat: sex disparities in stroke, heart failure and all-cause mortality in adults with coronary heart disease
Research on sex disparities in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) largely has focused on events directly related to the coronary arteries themselves—recurrent myocardial infarction, revascularisation and cardiovascular death—rather than the wider consequences of atherosclerotic vascular disease. In contrast, Akyea and colleagues1 evaluated sex disparities across a broader range of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including not only recurrent CHD, but also stroke, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure and all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of 143 702 adults (median age 73 yea...
Source: Heart - December 10, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Otto, C. M. Tags: Heartbeat Source Type: research

Sex disparity in subsequent outcomes in survivors of coronary heart disease
Conclusions After incident CHD, women have lower risk of composite MACE and recurrent CHD outcomes but higher risk of stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality compared with men.
Source: Heart - December 10, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Akyea, R. K., Kontopantelis, E., Kai, J., Weng, S. F., Patel, R. S., Asselbergs, F. W., Qureshi, N. Tags: Editor's choice Coronary artery disease Source Type: research

Trends in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the UK
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the UK is declining; however, CVD burden comes not only from deaths, but also from those living with the disease. This review uses national datasets with multiple years of data to present secular trends in mortality, morbidity, and treatment for all CVD and specific subtypes within the UK. We produced all-ages and premature age-standardised mortality rates by gender, standardised to the 2013 European Standard Population, using data from the national statistics agencies of the UK. We obtained data on hospital admissions from the National Health Service records, using the main diagno...
Source: Heart - November 24, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bhatnagar, P., Wickramasinghe, K., Wilkins, E., Townsend, N. Tags: Open access, Press releases, Review articles Reviews Source Type: research

Loneliness and social isolation and increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: clinical implications
To the Editor The recent meta-analysis published in Heart by Valtorta et al1 showed that loneliness and social isolation are associated with increased incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in 16 large longitudinal studies conducted in high-income countries. This finding is not surprising given the extensive literature documenting such harmful consequences of social isolation, including a study my research group published in 19922 showing in a large sample of CHD patients that those who were not married and did not have a confident—and hence likely to be lonely and socially isolated—had a 5-year m...
Source: Heart - November 24, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Williams, R. B. Tags: PostScript Source Type: research

Heartbeat: Lonely Hearts
Loneliness and social isolation are associated with an increased risk of premature mortality. This association is related to several factors including behaviors (such as smoking or physical inactivity), reduced psychological well-being, and adverse physiological changes (such as altered immune function and hypertension). In order to better define the magnitude of risk for incident cardiovascular disease attributable to loneliness and social isolation, Valtorta and colleagues (see page 1009) performed a meta-analysis of 16 longitudinal databases with a total of 4628 coronary heart disease (CHD) events and 3002 strokes over ...
Source: Heart - June 9, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Otto, C. M. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology, Tobacco use Heartbeat Source Type: research

Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for CVD: implications for evidence-based patient care and scientific inquiry
Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for CVD A recent meta-analysis has shown that loneliness and social isolation are risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke.1 These latest findings, specific to cardiovascular outcomes, are consistent with substantial research indicating broad health risks (eg, immune functioning, cardiovascular functioning, cognitive decline) associated with the quantity and quality of social relationships—including several meta-analyses documenting mortality risk.2 3 In the most comprehensive of these,3 the overall odds for mortality was 1.50, similar to the risk from light s...
Source: Heart - June 9, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B. Tags: Open access, Press releases, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension, Epidemiology, Tobacco use Editorials Source Type: research

Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies
Conclusions Our findings suggest that deficiencies in social relationships are associated with an increased risk of developing CHD and stroke. Future studies are needed to investigate whether interventions targeting loneliness and social isolation can help to prevent two of the leading causes of death and disability in high-income countries. Study registration number CRD42014010225.
Source: Heart - June 9, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., Ronzi, S., Hanratty, B. Tags: Open access, Editor's choice, Press releases, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Epidemiology Cardiac risk factors and prevention Source Type: research

Prolonged PR interval, first-degree heart block and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions Data from observational studies suggests a possible association between prolonged PR interval and significant increases in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and mortality. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the relationships reported, consider possible mechanisms and define the optimal monitoring strategy for such patients.
Source: Heart - April 11, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kwok, C. S., Rashid, M., Beynon, R., Barker, D., Patwala, A., Morley-Davies, A., Satchithananda, D., Nolan, J., Myint, P. K., Buchan, I., Loke, Y. K., Mamas, M. A. Tags: Bradyarrhythmias and heart block, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Acute coronary syndromes, Epidemiology Arrhythmias and sudden death Source Type: research

Cochrane corner: oral hormone therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in post-menopausal women
Introduction Hormone therapy (HT) is commonly prescribed for the relief of climacteric symptoms in post-menopausal women; 54% (620490) of women enrolled in the Million Women Study1 in the UK (mean age 56 years) have tried it and 31% (358252) use it. Observational studies have shown oral HT is associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women2; however randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have presented mixed results. The 2002 publication of the Women's Health Initiative I (WHI I) reported an association between combined oestrogen and progestin use and increased rates of both coronary heart...
Source: Heart - December 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Boardman, H., Hartley, L., Eisinga, A., Main, C., Figuls, M. R. I. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Cochrane Corner, Acute coronary syndromes, Venous thromboembolism, Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research

Heartbeat: Highlights from this issue
The idea that "we are what we eat" has motivated numerous ever-changing food fads, diet books and dietary guidelines over the past 200 years, often in the absence of firm scientific evidence to support potential health benefits. In addition, some foods, such as chocolate, are often suspected of being bad for us, probably because they taste so good. In this edition of Heart, Kwok and colleagues (see page 1279) examined the association between chocolate consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on dietary histories in over 20 thousand men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfol...
Source: Heart - July 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Otto, C. M. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Hypertension Heartbeat Source Type: research

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