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Drug repurposing for immune modulation in acute ischemic stroke.
Abstract Innate immune cells play a dualistic role in the evolution of ischemic brain damage, with classic phenotypes promoting injury, and alternatively activated M2 microglia/macrophages or N2 neutrophils providing tissue remodelling and repair. Recently, a number of drugs commonly used for other indications (i.e., azithromycin, minocycline, bexarotene, rosiglitazone, metformin) was reported to provide neuroprotection in preclinical stroke models by promoting immune polarization towards non-inflammatory, protective phenotypes. Repurposing drugs with a well-established safety profile should allow a reduction in t...
Source: Current Opinion in Pharmacology - December 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Amantea D, Bagetta G Tags: Curr Opin Pharmacol Source Type: research

Rosiglitazone Promotes White Matter Integrity and Long-Term Functional Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Rosiglitazone treatment improves long-term white matter integrity after cerebral ischemia, at least, in part, by promoting oligodendrogenesis and facilitating microglial polarization toward the beneficial M2 phenotype.
Source: Stroke - August 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Han, L., Cai, W., Mao, L., Liu, J., Li, P., Leak, R. K., Xu, Y., Hu, X., Chen, J. Tags: Other Stroke Treatment - Medical Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Rosiglitazone-induced CD36 up-regulation resolves inflammation by PPARγ and 5-LO-dependent pathways.
Abstract PPARγ-achieved neuroprotection in experimental stroke has been explained by the inhibition of inflammatory genes, an action in which 5-LO, Alox5, is involved. In addition, PPARγ is known to promote the expression of CD36, a scavenger receptor that binds lipoproteins and mediates bacterial recognition and also phagocytosis. As phagocytic clearance of neutrophils is a requisite for resolution of the inflammatory response, PPARγ-induced CD36 expression might help to limit inflammatory tissue injury in stroke, an effect in which 5-LO might also be involved. Homogenates, sections, and cellular suspensions w...
Source: Journal of Leukocyte Biology - December 12, 2013 Category: Hematology Authors: Ballesteros I, Cuartero MI, Pradillo JM, de la Parra J, Pérez-Ruiz A, Corbí A, Ricote M, Hamilton JA, Sobrado M, Vivancos J, Nombela F, Lizasoain I, Moro MA Tags: J Leukoc Biol Source Type: research