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Iron-Deficiency and Estrogen Are Associated with Ischemic Stroke by Up-Regulating Transferrin to Induce Hypercoagulability.
Conclusions: Our findings revealed that certain factors (i.e., ID and CC) up-regulating transferrin are risk factors of thromboembolic diseases decipher a previously unrecognized mechanistic association among ID, CC and IS and provide a novel strategy for the development of anti-IS medicine by interfering with transferrin-thrombin/FXIIa interactions. PMID: 32450779 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - May 25, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tang X, Fang M, Cheng R, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shen C, Han Y, Lu Q, Du Y, Liu Y, Sun Z, Zhu L, Mwangi J, Xue M, Long C, Lai R Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Targeting Myeloid-Specific Integrin α9β1 Improves Short and Long-Term Stroke Outcomes in Murine Models With Preexisting Comorbidities by Limiting Thrombosis And Inflammation.
Conclusions: We provide genetic and pharmacologic evidence for the first time that targeting myeloid-specific integrin α9β1 improves short and long-term functional outcome in stroke models with preexisting comorbidities by limiting cerebral thrombosis and inflammation. PMID: 32195632 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - March 19, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dhanesha N, Jain M, Tripathi A, Doddapattar P, Chorawala M, Bathla G, Nayak MK, Ghatge M, Lentz SR, Kon S, Chauhan AK Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Rivaroxaban Reduces Arterial Thrombosis by Inhibition of FXa Driven Platelet Activation Via Protease Activated Receptor-1.
Conclusions: Here we identified FXa as potent platelet agonist that acts through PAR1. Therefore, RIVA exerts an antiplatelet effect that together with its well-known potent anticoagulatory capacity might lead to reduced frequency of atherothrombotic events and improved outcome in patients. PMID: 31859592 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - December 19, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Petzold T, Thienel M, Dannenberg LK, Mourikis P, Helten C, Ayhan A, M'Pembele R, Achilles A, Trojovsky K, Konsek D, Zang Z, Regenauer R, Pircher J, Ehrlich A, Lüsebrink E, Nicolai L, Stocker T, Brandl R, Röschentaler F, Strecker J, Saleh I, Spannagl M, Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Circulating Platelets as Mediators of Immunity, Inflammation, and Thrombosis.
Abstract Platelets, non-nucleated blood components first described over 130 years ago, are recognized as the primary cell regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. The vascular importance of platelets has been attributed to their essential role in thrombosis, mediating myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Increasing knowledge on the platelets' role in the vasculature has led to many advances in understanding not only how platelets interact with the vessel wall but also how they convey changes in the environment to other circulating cells. In addition to their well-described hemostatic function, p...
Source: Circulation Research - January 19, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Koupenova M, Clancy L, Corkrey HA, Freedman JE Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Outcomes.
Abstract The past 3 decades have been characterized by an exponential growth in knowledge and advances in the clinical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). It is now known that AF genesis requires a vulnerable atrial substrate and that the formation and composition of this substrate may vary depending on comorbid conditions, genetics, sex, and other factors. Population-based studies have identified numerous factors that modify the atrial substrate and increase AF susceptibility. To date, genetic studies have reported 17 independent signals for AF at 14 genomic regions. Studies have established that advanced age,...
Source: Circulation Research - April 28, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Staerk L, Sherer JA, Ko D, Benjamin EJ, Helm RH Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Cardioembolic Stroke.
Abstract Cardiac embolism accounts for an increasing proportion of ischemic strokes and might multiply several-fold during the next decades. However, research points to several potential strategies to stem this expected rise in cardioembolic stroke. First, although one-third of strokes are of unclear cause, it is increasingly accepted that many of these cryptogenic strokes arise from a distant embolism rather than in situ cerebrovascular disease, leading to the recent formulation of embolic stroke of undetermined source as a distinct target for investigation. Second, recent clinical trials have indicated that embo...
Source: Circulation Research - February 2, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kamel H, Healey JS Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Inflammatory Disequilibrium in Stroke.
Abstract Over the past several decades, there have been substantial advances in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of stroke. Understanding the benefits of timely reperfusion has led to the development of thrombolytic therapy as the cornerstone of current management of ischemic stroke, but there remains much to be learned about mechanisms of neuronal ischemic and reperfusion injury and associated inflammation. For ischemic stroke, novel therapeutic targets have continued to remain elusive. When considering modern molecular biological techniques, advanced translational stroke models, and clinical studies, a consi...
Source: Circulation Research - June 23, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Petrovic-Djergovic D, Goonewardena SN, Pinsky DJ Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Evolving Treatments for Arterial and Venous Thrombosis: Role of the Direct Oral Anticoagulants.
Abstract The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) represent a major advance in oral anticoagulant therapy and have replaced the vitamin K antagonists as the preferred treatment for many indications. By simplifying long-term anticoagulant therapy and improving its safety, the DOACs have the potential to reduce the global burden of thrombosis. Postmarketing studies suggest that the favorable results achieved with DOACs in the randomized controlled trials can be readily translated into practice, but highlight the need for appropriate patient, drug and dose selection, and careful follow-up. Leveraging on their success t...
Source: Circulation Research - April 28, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chan NC, Eikelboom JW, Weitz JI Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Global Burden of Thrombosis: Epidemiologic Aspects.
Abstract Thromboembolic conditions were estimated to account for 1 in 4 deaths worldwide in 2010 and are the leading cause of mortality. Thromboembolic conditions are divided into arterial and venous thrombotic conditions. Ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke comprise the major arterial thromboses and deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism comprise venous thromboembolism. Atrial fibrillation is a major risk factor for stroke and systemic arterial thromboembolism. Estimates of the global burden of disease were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Project reports, recent systematic reviews, and searchin...
Source: Circulation Research - April 28, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wendelboe AM, Raskob GE Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture.
Abstract Atherosclerosis causes clinical disease through luminal narrowing or by precipitating thrombi that obstruct blood flow to the heart (coronary heart disease), brain (ischemic stroke), or lower extremities (peripheral vascular disease). The most common of these manifestations is coronary heart disease, including stable angina pectoris and the acute coronary syndromes. Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven disease that leads to plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree through intimal inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and calcification. After decades of indolent progression, such plaques may ...
Source: Circulation Research - June 6, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bentzon JF, Otsuka F, Virmani R, Falk E Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Towards Effective and Safe Thrombolysis and Thromboprophylaxis: Preclinical Testing of a Novel Antibody-Targeted Recombinant Plasminogen Activator Directed Against Activated Platelets.
CONCLUSIONS: Targeting of scuPA to activated GPIIb/IIIa allows effective thrombolysis and the potential novel use as a fibrinolytic agent for thromboprophylaxis without bleeding complications. PMID: 24508759 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - February 9, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang X, Palasubramaniam J, Gkanatsas Y, Hohmann JD, Westein E, Kanojia R, Alt K, Huang D, Jia F, Ahrens I, Medcalf RL, Peter K, Hagemeyer CE Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

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