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Arterial Spin Labeling Imaging Characteristics of Anti-leucine-rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 Encephalitis: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
DiscussionIn this preliminary study of six patients, we demonstrate an ASL hyperperfusion pattern, with a possible predilection for the right mesial temporal lobe on both qualitative and quantitative assessments in patients with seropositive LGI1. Larger scale studies are necessary to further characterize the strength of these associations.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuroimmune disorders in COVID-19
AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the aetiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is now rapidly disseminating throughout the world with 147,443,848 cases reported so far. Around 30 –80% of cases (depending on COVID-19 severity) are reported to have neurological manifestations including anosmia, stroke, and encephalopathy. In addition, some patients have recognised autoimmune neurological disorders, including both central (limbic and brainstem encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [ADEM], and myelitis) and peripheral diseases (Guillain–Barré and Miller ...
Source: Journal of Neurology - May 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurologic Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
This article describes the spectrum of neurologic complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, their underlying pathology and pathogenic mechanisms, gaps in knowledge, and current therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS COVID-19 is the clinical syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It can affect the entire neuraxis, and presentations in the acute phase are variable, although anosmia is a common manifestation. Encephalopathy is common in patients who are hospitalized and is often associated with multiorgan involvement. Immune-mediated encephaliti...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - August 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

The NMDA Receptor Antibody Paradox: A Possible Approach to Developing Immunotherapies Targeting the NMDA Receptor
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play a key role in brain development and function, including contributing to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Immunization against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR and the production of GluN1 antibodies is associated with neuroprotective and seizure-protective effects in rodent models of stroke and epilepsy, respectively. Whilst these data suggest the potential for the development of GluN1 antibody therapy, paradoxically GluN1 autoantibodies in humans are associated with the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. This review discusses pos...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research