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Methylenecyclopropyl glycine, not pesticide exposure as the primary etiological factor underlying Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy in Muzaffarpur, India.
Abstract Some districts of Bihar, especially Muzzaffarpur district, have been known to be affected by annual outbreak, called locally as Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) which became one of the major health concerns in Bihar, due to its high fatality and complications. Several hypotheses like bat virus, heat stroke, pesticide exposure and the presence of a compound - methylenecyclopropyl glycine (MCPG) in Litchi have been proposed by different investigators for AES. When the investigators examined the symptoms, signs and the epidemiological data, bat virus and heat stroke hypothesis were ruled out. Two major hypo...
Source: Toxicology Letters - October 30, 2018 Category: Toxicology Authors: Asthana S, Dixit S, Srivastava A, Kumar A, Singh SP, Tripathi A, Das M Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Acute kidney injury with neurological features: Beware of the star fruit and its caramboxin
We present a case of a 51-year-old male with paresis and altered mental status. Screening for neurological diseases such as stroke, Guillain-Barre, meningitis and encephalitis were negative. In the evolution, he developed acute kidney failure and was submitted to 4 dialysis sessions. After talking to the family, we discovered he had ingested over 50 star fruits prior to the acute neurologic deficits. He recovered renal function so a renal biopsy was not required. Physicians should actively look for star fruit ingestion history in patients presenting with unexplained acute kidney injury with or without neurological features...
Source: Indian Journal of Nephrology - January 7, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Matheo A . M. Stumpf Adriana F. M. Schuinski Gilberto Baroni Maikel Ramthun Source Type: research

Unripe fruits of Litchi chinensis (Gaertn.) Sonn: An overview of its toxicity
Ann Pharm Fr. 2023 Jul 11:S0003-4509(23)00073-1. doi: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.07.004. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLitchi (Litchi chinensis) is a widely consumed fruit that has been used in many food and health-promoting products worldwide. Litchi is a good source of nutrients including vitamin and minerals, dietary fibers, proteins, and carbohydrates. Of note, several studies have reported that the constituents of litchi fruits elicit antioxidant properties and help to maintain blood pressure, and reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack. An unclearly explained outbreak occurred in June 2019 in Muzaffarpur (Bihar), India...
Source: Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises - July 13, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rajan Logesh Niranjan Das Gobi Sellappan Dariusz Piesik Arijit Mondal Source Type: research