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Tracking reorganization of large-scale effective connectivity in aphasia following right hemisphere stroke.
Abstract In this paper we demonstrate the application of new effective connectivity analyses to characterize changing patterns of task-related directed interaction in large (25-55 node) cortical networks following the onset of aphasia. The subject was a left-handed woman who became aphasic following a right-hemisphere stroke. She was tested on an auditory word-picture verification task administered one and seven months after the onset of aphasia. MEG/EEG and anatomical MRI data were used to create high spatiotemporal resolution estimates of task-related cortical activity. Effective connectivity analyses of those d...
Source: Brain and Language - March 29, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Gow DW, Ahlfors SP Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

Cohesive and coherent connected speech deficits in mild stroke.
This study aims to investigate (1) whether stroke patients without aphasia exhibit impairments in cohesion and coherence in connected speech, and (2) the role of attention and executive functions in the production of connected speech. Eighteen stroke patients (8 right hemisphere stroke [RHS]; 6 left [LHS]) and 21 healthy controls completed two self-generated narrative tasks to elicit connected speech. A multi-level analysis of within and between-sentence processing ability was conducted. Cohesion and coherence impairments were found in the stroke group, particularly RHS patients, relative to controls. In the whole stroke g...
Source: Brain and Language - January 19, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Barker MS, Young B, Robinson GA Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

Affective speech prosody perception and production in stroke patients with left-hemispheric damage and healthy controls.
CONCLUSION: Individuals with left-hemisphere damage after stroke have impaired affective prosodic perception and production that may be associated with reduced quality of life. PMID: 28013040 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain and Language - December 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Leung JH, Purdy SC, Tippett LJ, Leão SH Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

The unbridged gap between clinical diagnosis and contemporary research on aphasia: A short discussion on the validity and clinical utility of taxonomic categories.
Abstract Even if the traditional aphasia classification is continuously questioned by many scholars, it remains widely accepted among clinicians and included in textbooks as the gold standard. The present study aims to investigate the validity and clinical utility of this taxonomy. For this purpose, 65 left-hemisphere stroke patients were assessed and classified with respect to aphasia type based on performance on a Greek adaptation of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. MRI and/or CT scans were obtained for each patient and lesions were identified and coded according to location. Results indicate that 26.5...
Source: Brain and Language - October 30, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kasselimis DS, Simos PG, Peppas C, Evdokimidis I, Potagas C Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

Beyond aphasia: Altered EEG connectivity in Broca's patients during working memory task.
We present the first study exploring the effects of a stroke causing Broca's aphasia on these processes and specifically on synchronized functional WM networks. We used high-density EEG and coherence analysis to map WM networks in ten Broca's patients and ten healthy controls during verbal WM task. Our results demonstrate that a stroke resulting in Broca's aphasia also alters two distinct WM networks. These theta and gamma functional networks likely reflect the executive and the phonological processes, respectively. The striking imbalance between task-related theta synchronization and desynchronization in Broca's patients ...
Source: Brain and Language - September 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Rutar Gorišek V, Zupanc Isoski V, Belič A, Manouilidou C, Koritnik B, Bon J, Pečarič Meglič N, Vrabec M, Žibert J, Repovš G, Zidar J Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

Treatment of dysphasia with rTMS and language therapy after childhood stroke: Multimodal imaging of plastic change.
Abstract Expressive dysphasia accompanies left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG/Broca) injury. Recovery may relate to interhemispheric balance with homologous, contralesional IFG but is unexplored in children. We evaluated effects of inhibitory rTMS to contralesional IFG combined with intensive speech therapy (SLT). A 15year-old, right-handed male incurred a left middle cerebral artery stroke. After 30months, severe non-fluent dysphasia impacted quality of life. Language networks, neuronal metabolism and white matter pathways were explored using MRI. Language function was measured longitudinally. An intensive SLT progr...
Source: Brain and Language - June 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Carlson HL, Jadavji Z, Mineyko A, Damji O, Hodge J, Saunders J, Hererro M, Nowak M, Patzelt R, Mazur-Mosiewicz A, MacMaster FP, Kirton A Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex facilitates processing of sentential context to locate referents.
Abstract Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) has been implicated in both integration and conflict resolution in sentence comprehension. Most evidence in favor of the integration account comes from processing ambiguous or anomalous sentences, which also poses a demand for conflict resolution. In two eye-tracking experiments we studied the role of VLPFC in integration when demands for conflict resolution were minimal. Two closely-matched groups of individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia were tested: the Anterior group had damage to left VLPFC, whereas the Posterior group had left temporo-parietal damag...
Source: Brain and Language - May 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Nozari N, Mirman D, Thompson-Schill SL Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

Contributions of bilateral white matter to chronic aphasia symptoms as assessed by diffusion tensor MRI.
Abstract Language reorganisation following stroke has been studied widely. However, while studies of brain activation and grey matter examined both hemispheres, studies of white matter changes have mostly focused on the left hemisphere. Here we examined the relationship between bilateral hemispheric white matter and aphasia symptoms. 15 chronic stroke patients with aphasia and 18 healthy adults were studied using Diffusion Weighted Imaging data. By applying histogram analysis, Tract-Based Spatial Statistics, tractography and lesion-tract overlap methods, it was found that damage to the left hemisphere in general, ...
Source: Brain and Language - September 21, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Geva S, Correia MM, Warburton EA Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

Bilateral brain reorganization with memantine and constraint-induced aphasia therapy in chronic post-stroke aphasia: An ERP study.
Abstract Changes in ERP (P100 and N400) and root mean square (RMS) were obtained during a silent reading task in 28 patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of both memantine and constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT). Participants received memantine/placebo alone (weeks 0-16), followed by drug treatment combined with CIAT (weeks 16-18), and then memantine/placebo alone (weeks 18-20). ERP/RMS values (week 16) decreased more in the memantine group than in the placebo group. During CIAT application (weeks 16-18), improvements in aphasia severity and ERP/RMS...
Source: Brain and Language - April 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Barbancho MA, Berthier ML, Navas-Sánchez P, Dávila G, Green-Heredia C, García-Alberca JM, Ruiz-Cruces R, López-González MV, Dawid-Milner MS, Pulvermüller F, Lara JP Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

The neurophysiology of language: Insights from non-invasive brain stimulation in the healthy human brain.
Abstract With the advent of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), a new decade in the study of language has started. NIBS allows for testing the functional relevance of language-related brain activation and enables the researcher to investigate how neural activation changes in response to focal perturbations. This review focuses on the application of NIBS in the healthy brain. First, some basic mechanisms will be introduced and the prerequisites for carrying out NIBS studies of language are addressed. The next section outlines how NIBS can be used to characterize the contribution of the stimulated area to a task....
Source: Brain and Language - November 15, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Hartwigsen G Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

Intensive therapy induces contralateral white matter changes in chronic stroke patients with Broca's aphasia.
Abstract Using a pre-post design, eleven chronic stroke patients with large left hemisphere lesions and nonfluent aphasia underwent diffusion tensor imaging and language testing before and after receiving 15weeks of an intensive intonation-based speech therapy. This treated patient group was compared to an untreated patient group (n=9) scanned twice over a similar time period. Our results showed that the treated group, but not the untreated group, had reductions in fractional anisotropy in the white matter underlying the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, pars opercularis and pars triangularis), the right posterio...
Source: Brain and Language - July 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Wan CY, Zheng X, Marchina S, Norton A, Schlaug G Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

The neuroanatomy of pure apraxia of speech in stroke.
Abstract The left insula or Broca's area have been proposed as the neuroanatomical correlate for apraxia of speech (AOS) based on studies of patients with both AOS and aphasia due to stroke. Studies of neurodegenerative AOS suggest the premotor area and the supplementary motor areas as the anatomical correlates. The study objective was to determine the common infarction area in patients with pure AOS due to stroke. Patients with AOS and no or equivocal aphasia due to ischemic stroke were identified through a pre-existing database. Seven subjects were identified. Five had pure AOS, and two had equivocal aphasia. MR...
Source: Brain and Language - February 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Graff-Radford J, Jones DT, Strand EA, Rabinstein AA, Duffy JR, Josephs KA Tags: Brain Lang Source Type: research

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