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Clinical and radiological aspects of bilateral temporal abnormalities: pictorial essay
Abstract The temporal lobes are vulnerable to several diseases, including infectious, immune-mediated, degenerative, vascular, metabolic, and neoplastic processes. Therefore, lesions in the temporal lobes can pose a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. The temporal lobes are connected by structures such as the anterior commissure, corpus callosum, and hippocampal commissure. That interconnectedness favors bilateral involvement in various clinical contexts. This pictorial essay is based on a retrospective analysis of case files from a tertiary university hospital and aims to illustrate some of the conditions that simul...
Source: Radiologia Brasileira - March 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

The PET Sandwich: Using Serial FDG-PET Scans with Interval Burst Suppression to Assess Ictal Components of Disease
ConclusionsIn appropriately selected patients, FDG-PET scans while in burst suppression may help dissect the underlying pathophysiologic cause of IIC findings observed on EEG and guide tailored therapy.
Source: Neurocritical Care - April 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?
Discussion Facial nerve palsy has been known for centuries, but in 1821 unilateral facial nerve paralysis was described by Sir Charles Bell. Bell’s palsy (BP) is a unilateral, acute facial paralysis that is clinically diagnosed after other etiologies have been excluded by appropriate history, physical examination and/or laboratory testing or imaging. Symptoms include abnormal movement of facial nerve. It can be associated with changes in facial sensation, hearing, taste or excessive tearing. The right and left sides are equally affected but bilateral BP is rare (0.3%). Paralysis can be complete or incomplete at prese...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Herpes Zoster and Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.
CONCLUSIONS: Herpes zoster was associated with an increased risk of dementia, independent of potential confounding factors. Antiviral treatment might be protective in preventing dementia in patients with herpes zoster. PMID: 29244265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry - December 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Tags: J Clin Psychiatry Source Type: research

Herpes Zoster and the Risk of Stroke in Patients With Autoimmune Diseases
ConclusionIn patients with autoimmune diseases, incident HZ was associated with as much as a 2‐fold increased risk of stroke in the subsequent few months. These data underscore the urgency of developing strategies for reducing the risk of varicella‐zoster virus.
Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism - January 27, 2017 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Leonard H. Calabrese, Fenglong Xie, Huifeng Yun, Kevin L. Winthrop, John W. Baddley, Cassandra Calabrese, Jeffrey R. Curtis Tags: Autoimmune Disease Source Type: research

Herpes Zoster and the Risk for Stroke in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases
Conclusion: In patients with autoimmune diseases, incident HZ was associated with up to a two‐fold increased risk for stroke in the subsequent few months. These data provide urgency for developing strategies to reduce the risk of VZV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism - September 1, 2016 Category: Rheumatology Authors: L.H. Calabrese, F. Xie, H. Yun, K. Winthrop, J.W. Baddley, C. Calabrese, J.R. Curtis Tags: Full Length Source Type: research

Stroke risk rose in autoimmune disease patients after herpes zoster
Stroke risk was 50% higher in the month after patients with autoimmune diseases developed herpes zoster, compared with the next 2-6 years, according to Dr. Leonard H. Calabrese. “These data provide urgency for developing strategies to reduce the risk of varicella zoster virus in vulnerable...
Source: Skin and Allergy News - November 8, 2015 Category: Dermatology Source Type: news

GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES: Anti-AMPA-GluR3 antibodies, Anti-NMDA-NR1 antibodies, Anti-NMDA-NR2A/B antibodies, Anti-mGluR1 antibodies or Anti-mGluR5 antibodies are present in subpopulations of patients with either: Epilepsy, Encephalitis, Cerebellar Ataxia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Neuropsychiatric SLE, Sjogren's syndrome, Schizophrenia, Mania or Stroke. These autoimmune anti-glutamate receptor antibodies can bind neurons in few brain regions, activate glutamate receptors, decrease glutamate receptor's expression, impair glutamate-induced signaling and function, activate Blood Brain Barrier endothelial cells, kill neurons, damage the brain, induce behavioral/psychiatric/cognitive abnormalities and Ataxia in animal models, and can be removed or silenced in some patients by immunotherapy.
Abstract Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the Central Nervous System (CNS), and it is crucially needed for numerous key neuronal functions. Yet, excess glutamate causes massive neuronal death and brain damage by excitotoxicity-detrimental over activation of glutamate receptors. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is the main pathological process taking place in many types of acute and chronic CNS diseases and injuries. In recent years, it became clear that not only excess glutamate can cause massive brain damage, but that several types of anti-glutamate receptor antibodies, that are present in ...
Source: Herpes - August 1, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Levite M Tags: J Neural Transm Source Type: research