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The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is required for human endometrial stromal cell decidualization.
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first appeared in December 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). Although much of the focus is on respiratory symptoms, recent reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can cause pregnancy complications such as pre-term birth and miscarriages; and women with COVID-19 had maternal vascular malperfusion and decidual arteriopathy in their placentas. Here, we report that ACE2 protein is expressed in both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells in the proliferative phase of ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - November 18, 2020 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Chadchan SB, Popli P, Maurya VK, Kommagani R Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Sirtuin-1 Inhibits Endothelin-2 Expression in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells via HIF1A and Epigenetic Modifications †.
Sirtuin-1 Inhibits Endothelin-2 Expression in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells via HIF1A and Epigenetic Modifications†. Biol Reprod. 2020 Oct 28;: Authors: Szymanska M, Manthe S, Shrestha K, Girsh E, Harlev A, Kisliouk T, Meidan R Abstract Endothelin-2 (EDN2) expression in granulosa cells was previously shown to be highly dependent on the hypoxic mediator, HIF1A. Here we investigated whether sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), by deacetylating HIF1A and class III histones, modulates EDN2 in human granulosa-lutein cells (hGLCs). We found that HIF1A was markedly suppressed in the presence of resveratrol or a specific SIRT...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - October 28, 2020 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Szymanska M, Manthe S, Shrestha K, Girsh E, Harlev A, Kisliouk T, Meidan R Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Yes-associated protein (YAP1) is required for proliferation and function of bovine granulosa cells in vitro$.
Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP1) is a major component of the Hippo signaling pathway. Although the exact extracellular signals that control the Hippo pathway are currently unknown, increasing evidence supports a critical role for the Hippo pathway in embryonic development, regulation of organ size, and carcinogenesis. Granulosa cells within the ovarian follicle proliferate and produce steroids and growth factors, which facilitate growth of follicle and maturation of the oocyte. We hypothesize that YAP1 plays a role in proliferation and estrogen secretion of granulosa cells. In the current study, we examined ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 26, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Plewes MR, Hou X, Zhang P, Liang A, Hua G, Wood JR, Cupp AS, Lv X, Wang C, Davis JS Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Synergistic inhibition of csal1 and csal3 in granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis of hen ovarian prehierarchical development.
This study aimed to explore the potential role and mechanism of csal1 and csal3 in granulosa cells (GCs) proliferation, differentiation, and follicle selection within the PFs of hen ovary. Our data demonstrated that the csal1 and csal3 transcriptions were highly expressed in GCs of the various-sized PFs and their proteins were mainly localized in the cytoplasm of granulosa cells and oocytes of the examined PFs as well as in the ovarian stroma and epithelium. It initially revealed that both csal1 and csal3 may be involved in chicken PF development via a translocation mechanism. Furthermore, our results showed an abundance o...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 26, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Zhu H, Qin N, Xu X, Sun X, Chen X, Zhao J, Xu R, Mishra B Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Endogenous retrovirus-encoded Syncytin-2 contributes to exosome-mediated immunosuppression of T cells.
Abstract Modulation of the activation status of immune cell populations during pregnancy depends on placental villous cytotrophoblast (VCT) cells and the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) layer. Failure in the establishment of this immunoregulatory function leads to pregnancy complications. Our laboratory has been studying Syncytin-2 (Syn-2), an endogenous retroviral protein expressed in placenta and on the surface of placental exosomes. This protein plays an important role in STB formation through its fusogenic properties, but also possesses an active immunosuppressive domain (ISD). Considering that Syn-2 expression is i...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 17, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lokossou AG, Toudic C, Nguyen PT, Elisseeff X, Vargas A, Rassart É, Lafond J, Leduc L, Bourgault S, Gilbert C, Scorza T, Tolosa J, Barbeau B Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

SMAD-dependent signaling mediates BMP6-induced stimulation of connective tissue growth factor in luteinized human granulosa cells.
In this study, we demonstrated that BMP6 treatment significantly increased the expression of CTGF in both primary and immortalized human granulosa cells. Using both pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches, we showed that ALK2 and ALK3 type I receptors are required for BMP6-induced cellular activities. Furthermore, this effect is most likely mediated by a SMAD-dependent pathway. Our studies provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms by which an intraovarian growth factor affects the production of another factor via a paracrine effect in human granulosa cells. PMID: 31210269 [PubMed -...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - June 17, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Liu S, Chang HM, Yi Y, Yao YQ, Leung PCK Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Endo-siRNAs regulate early embryonic development by inhibiting transcription of long terminal repeat sequence in pig.
Abstract Activity of some endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) has been proven to be important for development of early mammalian embryo. However, abnormal activation of ERVs can also cause genetic diseases due to their ability to retrotranspose, so the regulatory mechanism to limit transcription of ERVs needs to be clarified. Endogenous small interfering RNA (endo-siRNA) has been reported to protect cells against transposable elements (TEs). Here, we determined the role of ERVs long terminal repeat sequences (LTRs) derived endo-siRNAs (LTR-siRNAs) on inhibition of the activity of ERVs during early embryonic development...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - March 17, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Kong Q, Quan X, Du J, Tai Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhang X, Mu Y, Liu Z Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Rosiglitazone augments antioxidant response in the human trophoblast and prevents apoptosis.
In this study, we first examined whether rosiglitazone, an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), protects the human trophoblast from oxidative injury by regulating key antioxidant proteins, catalase (CAT) and the superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2). In first trimester placental explants, localization of CAT was limited to cytotrophoblasts, whereas SOD1 was expressed in both the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblasts. In first trimester placental explants, hypoxia decreased the expression of both SOD1 and SOD2, and increased apoptosis. Treatment with rosiglitazone dose-dependently upregulated anti...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - August 18, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Kohan-Ghadr HR, Kilburn BA, Kadam L, Johnson E, Kolb BL, Rodriguez-Kovacs J, Hertz M, Armant DR, Drewlo S Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

HMGA2 is regulated by LIN28 and BRCA1 in human placental cells †.
HMGA2 is regulated by LIN28 and BRCA1 in human placental cells†. Biol Reprod. 2018 Aug 18;: Authors: West RC, McWhorter ES, Ali A, Goetzman LN, Russ JE, Anthony RV, Bouma GJ, Winger QA Abstract The chromatin associated transcription factor HMGA2 is a downstream target of let-7 miRNAs and binds to chromatin to regulate gene expression. Inhibition of let-7 miRNAs by RNA binding proteins LIN28A and LIN28B is necessary during early embryogenesis to ensure stable expression of HMGA2. In addition to LIN28, HMGA2 is regulated by a BRCA1/ZNF350/CtIP repressor complex. In normal tissues, the BRCA1/ZNF350/CtI...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - August 18, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: West RC, McWhorter ES, Ali A, Goetzman LN, Russ JE, Anthony RV, Bouma GJ, Winger QA Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Long noncoding RNAs exchange during zygotic genome activation in goat.
Abstract In mammals, their proper development during the early cleavage stages strongly relies on the gene products newly transcribed by zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been characterized as key regulators of the ZGA process in mice and human. However, the ZGA stage has not yet been identified and epigenetic regulations of the ZGA process remain largely unknown in goats. Here, we show that ZGA occurred at the 8-cell stage in goats. During ZGA, tri-methylation of H3K9 was dynamically changed but maintained strong staining in development arrested embryos. Using single-cell RNA seq...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 15, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Deng M, Wan Y, Liu Z, Ren C, Zhang G, Pang J, Zhang Y, Wang F Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Porcine Parvovirus infection impairs progesterone production in Luteal Cells through MAPKs, p53 and mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis.
Abstract Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major virus leading to fetal death in swine. However, the effects of PPV infection on sows are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PPV on porcine steroidogenic luteal cells (SLCs) survival and functions and underlying mechanisms. In vivo experiment results showed artificial infection of PPV significantly reduced the concentration of serum progesterone and induced histopathological lesions and SLCs apoptosis in porcine corpora luteum. In vitro cultured primary porcine SLCs, PPV could infect and replicate in SLCs and induced SLCs apoptosis...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - January 18, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhang J, Luo X, Du Q, Chang L, Zhao X, Huang Y, Tong D Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research