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Source: Hypertension
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Total 48 results found since Jan 2013.
Angiotensin II Activates the RhoA Exchange Factor Arhgef1 in Humans Renin-Angiotensin System
In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that Arhgef1 mediates Ang II–induced RhoA activation in humans. Moreover, they show that measurement of RhoA guanine exchange factor activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells might be a useful method to evaluate RhoA guanine exchange factor activity in humans.
Source: Hypertension - May 13, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Carbone, M. L., Bregeon, J., Devos, N., Chadeuf, G., Blanchard, A., Azizi, M., Pacaud, P., Jeunemaitre, X., Loirand, G. Tags: ACE/Angiotension receptors, Other hypertension, Other Vascular biology Renin-Angiotensin System Source Type: research
Hypoxia-Independent Upregulation of Placental Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1{alpha} Gene Expression Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia Preeclampsia
Accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is commonly an acute and beneficial response to hypoxia, whereas chronically elevated HIF-1α is associated with multiple disease conditions, including preeclampsia, a serious hypertensive disease of pregnancy. However, the molecular basis underlying the persistent elevation of placental HIF-1α in preeclampsia and its role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia are poorly understood. Here we report that Hif-1α mRNA and HIF-1α protein were elevated in the placentas of pregnant mice infused with angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoa...
Source: Hypertension - May 13, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Iriyama, T., Wang, W., Parchim, N. F., Song, A., Blackwell, S. C., Sibai, B. M., Kellems, R. E., Xia, Y. Tags: Other hypertension Preeclampsia Source Type: research
Transcriptional Regulation of Renal Dopamine D1 Receptor Function During Oxidative Stress Kidney
There exists a strong link between oxidative stress, renal dopaminergic system, and hypertension. It is reported that reactive oxygen species attenuate renal proximal tubular dopamine receptor (D1R) function, which disrupts sodium regulation and leads to hypertension. However, the mechanisms for renal D1R dysfunction are not clear. We investigated the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors AP1 and SP3 in transcriptional suppression of D1R gene and subsequent D1R signaling. Human kidney proximal tubular cells were treated with a pro-oxidant l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) with and without an antioxidant tempol. In hum...
Source: Hypertension - April 8, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Banday, A. A., Lokhandwala, M. F. Tags: Animal models of human disease Kidney Source Type: research
Abstract 441: Aldosterone-salt Hypertension Depends on the SFO, Central Aldosterone Synthase and MR Specifically in the PVN Poster Session II
We examined the role of the subfornical organ (SFO), aldo synthesized locally in the brain, and MR specifically in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in aldo-salt hypertension. Wistar rats with telemetry probes were treated with chronic intra-cerebroventricular infusion of aldo synthase (AS) inhibitor FAD286 (25 μg/day), MR blocker eplerenone (5 μg/day) or vehicle. After 2 days, subcutaneous (sc) aldo infusion (1 μg/h) was started and saline was provided as drinking water. In a second set of rats with telemetry, electrolytic or sham lesions of the SFO, or bilateral intra-PVN infusion of AAV-MR-siRNA or AAV-SCM-siRN...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Huang, B. S., Ahmad, M., Chen, A., White, R. A., Leenen, F. H., Leenen, F. H. Tags: Poster Session II Source Type: research
Abstract 154: Knockdown of Mineralocorticoid or AT1 Receptor Gene in the Paraventricular Nucleus Prevents Ang II Induced Hypertension in Rats Poster Session I
Circulating Ang II activates an aldosterone-MR-AT1R pathway in the hypothalamus. To obtain insights into the actual aldosterone-MR- AT1R neuronal pathway, the present study examined whether intra-PVN infusion of AAV-AT1aR-siRNA or AAV-MR-siRNA prevents the Ang II induced increases in AT1R and MR expression and BP. Two weeks sc infusion of Ang II at 500ng/kg/min in Wistar rats on regular salt diet increased BP by telemetry by 66 ± 3 mm Hg, and AT1R and MR protein in the SFO, SON and PVN. Intra-PVN AT1aR-siRNA decreased AT1R but not MR expression in the PVN by sc Ang II, and MR-siRNA decreased MR but not AT1R expressi...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chen, A., Huang, B. S., Wang, H., Ahmad, M., Leenen, F. H. Tags: Poster Session I Source Type: research
Abstract 161: The (Pro)renin Receptor Regulates Renin Release and Prorenin-to-Renin Conversion in (Pro)Renin-Synthesizing Human Mast Cells Poster Session I
In conclusion, (P)RR knockdown affects both prorenin-renin conversion and (pro)renin release, resulting in a net rise of the renin/prorenin ratio in the medium.
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lu, X., Krop, M., Garrelds, I. M., van Gool, J. M., Jan Danser, A. H. Tags: Poster Session I Source Type: research
Abstract 191: Transcriptional Regulation of Renin by Nuclear Receptors Co-regulated With Renin Poster Session I
Expression of the renin gene is required to maintain normal morphological and physiological identity of renal juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, yet the mechanisms regulating renin gene transcription remain elusive. We re-examined data from Brunskill et. al (JASN 22:2213, 2011), investigating genome-wide gene expression in JG and other renal cell types. Based on our previous data implicating nuclear receptors (RAR, RXR, VDR, PPARG, Nr2f2 and Nr2f6) in the regulation of mouse and human renin gene expression, we focused our analysis on the expression of genes encoding the 48 nuclear hormone receptors and their co-regulation with re...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lu, K.-T., Weatherford, E. T., Ketsawatsomkron, P., Grobe, J. L., Sigmund, C. D. Tags: Poster Session I Source Type: research
Abstract 275: Tissue Transglutaminase Stabilizes Placental AT1 Receptor and Contributes to Pathophysiology in Preeclampsia Poster Session I
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious hypertensive disease of pregnancy associated with the presence of the major angiotensin receptor AT1-agnostic autoantibodies (AT1-AAs) that cause the defining PE features when introduced into pregnant mice. To understand AT1-AA-mediated receptor activation in PE, we explored the role of tissue transglutaminases (TG2), the most ubiquitous member of a group of enzymes modifying proteins by catalyzing the formation of -(-glutamyl)-lysine isopeptide bonds. TG2, a versatile protein that can also function as a G protein, is enriched in the syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta, the key organ in PE patho...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Liu, C., Wang, W., Parchim, N., Irani, R., Ning, C., Sun, K., Zhao, S., Zhao, C., Song, A., Zhang, Y., Blackwell, S., Sibai, B., Jin, J., Kellems, R., Xia, Y. Tags: Poster Session I Source Type: research
Abstract 277: Elevated C-Reactive Protein Contributes to Preeclampsia via Kinin Signaling Pathways Poster Session I
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy disease characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Despite intensive research efforts, the underlying cause of PE remains a mystery. PE is, however, associated with abnormalities of the immune system. Here we report that the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an important acute phase reactant, were significantly elevated in the plasma of human with PE at the third trimester. Next, we found that CRP protein levels in the placentas of PE patients were also significantly increased compared to controls. In an effort to determine the exact role of elevated CRP in PE, we infused CRP ...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Parchim, N., Wang, W., Iriyama, T., Liu, C., Siddiqui, A. H., Blackwell, S., Sibai, B., Kellems, R. E., Xia, Y. Tags: Poster Session I Source Type: research
Abstract 280: Sflt-1 is Regulated via Both Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Modification in Preeclampsia Poster Session I
Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening hypertensive renal disorder of pregnancy. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), an anti-angiogenic factor, is elevated and contributes to PE. However, molecular basis underlying its up-regulation in PE remains unclear. Here we report that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an important transcriptional factor, and U2AF65, a key molecule involved in alternative splicing, are significantly increased in the placentasof PE patients compared to the controls. Using two animal models of PE including angiotensin receptor type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody (AT1-AA) an...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang, W., Parchim, N., Iriyama, T., Luo, R., Zhao, C., Zhang, Y., Blackwell, S., Sabai, B., Tao, L., Kellems, R., Xia, Y. Tags: Poster Session I Source Type: research
Abstract 22: Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) 4 Controls Neointimal Hyperplasia via Stimulating Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Oral Session II: Concurrent B Vascular Biology
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are transcriptional co-regulators. We have recently demonstrated that a class IIa HDAC, HDAC4 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent vascular smooth muscle inflammation and mediates the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pathogenesis of hypertension is in part modulated by vascular structural remodeling via proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We thus examined whether HDAC4 controls SMCs proliferation and migration. In rat mesenteric arterial SMCs, small interfering RNA (siRNA) against HDAC4 inhibited platelet-derived growth ...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Usui, T., Okada, M., Yamawaki, H. Tags: Oral Session II: Concurrent B Vascular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 47: Caveolin-1 is Critical for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Induced by Angiotensin II Oral Session VI: Concurrent B Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction
In conclusion, Cav1 and presumably vascular caveolae microdomains appear to play a critical role in the formation of AAA by Ang II via regulation of the ADAM17/EGFR signaling and subsequent ER/oxidative stress.
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Obama, T., Takayanagi, T., Crawford, K. J., Kobayashi, T., Rizzo, V., Eguchi, S. Tags: Oral Session VI: Concurrent B Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction Source Type: research
Abstract 52: Human Grk4{gamma}142v, Via Histone Deacetylase 1, Produces At1r-dependent Hypertension Oral Session VII: Concurrent A Clinical Issues
Human gene variants account for only a small proportion of essential hypertension in humans and have not been shown to produce hypertension in transgenic mice. The association between hypertension and 11 allelic variants of 8 candidate genes in humans (n=1074) was studied. We also evaluated the response to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in humans (n=681) and transgenic mice generated to express the human wild-type G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (hGRK4WT) or the 142V allele (hGRK4142V). hGRK4 variants (R65L, A142V, and A486V) were associated with essential hypertension; hGRK4142V, by itself, predicted the hyperte...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jose, P., Wang, Z., Sanada, H., Yoneda, M., Zheng, C., Williams, S., Bartlett, J., White, M., Gordon, L., Liu, M., Konkalmatt, P., Wang, X., Asico, L., Villar, V. A., Jones, J., Armando, I., Felder, R., Eisner, G. Tags: Oral Session VII: Concurrent A Clinical Issues Source Type: research
Abstract 419: Investigating the Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Angiotensin II-induced Hypertrophic Signalling in Cardiomyocytes Poster Session II
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by stimulation of hypertrophic signalling pathways representing the reactivation of the ‘foetal gene program’ (hypertrophic genes) and activation of the MAPK pathway. Angiotensin II (AngII) stimulates cardiac hypertrophy, a process which may involve the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptors (ErbBs). Three subtypes of ErbBs are present in the postnatal heart (ErbB1, 2, 4), yet their precise roles are poorly understood. We have shown that the ErbB4-selective ligand neuregulin 1 beta-1 (NRG1-β1) potently stimulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We now aim to de...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang, Z., Chan, H.-W., Chen, C., Thomas, W. G., Paravicini, T. M. Tags: Poster Session II Source Type: research
Abstract 75: Nrf2 Mediates the Antioxidant Effect of D2r Via Dj-1 in the Kidney Oral Session IX: Concurrent B Oxidative Stress
Renal dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) dysfunction is associated with increased oxidative stress and high blood pressure. We have reported that DJ-1 is regulated by D2R in the kidney. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of several antioxidant genes. We hypothesize that Nrf2 is involved in the DJ-1-mediated regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the kidney. DJ-1 and Nrf2 co-inmunoprecipitate in mouse kidney. Selective renal silencing of D2R in mice by the renal subcapsular infusion of D2R siRNA (~50%) decreases Nrf2 expression (63.4%±3.4, n=7, P<0.05), and silencing of D2R exp...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Cuevas, S., Yang, Y., Assico, L., Feranil, J., Jones, J., Armando, I., Jose, P. A. Tags: Oral Session IX: Concurrent B Oxidative Stress Source Type: research
