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Source: Hypertension
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Total 48 results found since Jan 2013.
STIM2 (Stromal Interaction Molecule 2)-Mediated Increase in Resting Cytosolic Free Ca2+ Concentration Stimulates PASMC Proliferation in Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionNovelty and Significance Pulmonary Hypertension
An increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) triggers pulmonary vasoconstriction and stimulates PASMC proliferation leading to vascular wall thickening. Here, we report that STIM2 (stromal interaction molecule 2), a Ca2+ sensor in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, is required for raising the resting [Ca2+]cyt in PASMCs from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and activating signaling cascades that stimulate PASMC proliferation and inhibit PASMC apoptosis. Downregulation of STIM2 in PAH-PASMCs reduces the resting [Ca2+]cyt, whereas overexpre...
Source: Hypertension - February 7, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Shanshan Song, Shane G. Carr, Kimberly M. McDermott, Marisela Rodriguez, Aleksandra Babicheva, Angela Balistrieri, Ramon J. Ayon, Jian Wang, Ayako Makino, Jason X.-J. Yuan Tags: Pulmonary Hypertension, Vascular Disease Original Articles Source Type: research
Aberrant Splicing Induced by Dysregulated Rbfox2 Produces Enhanced Function of CaV1.2 Calcium Channel and Vascular Myogenic Tone in HypertensionNovelty and Significance Vascular Myogenic Tone
Calcium influx from activated voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.2 in vascular smooth muscle cells is indispensable for maintaining myogenic tone and blood pressure. The function of CaV1.2 channel can be optimized by alternative splicing, one of post-transcriptional modification mechanisms. The splicing factor Rbfox2 is known to regulate the CaV1.2 pre-mRNA alternative splicing events during neuronal development. However, Rbfox2’s roles in modulating the key function of vascular CaV1.2 channel and in the pathogenesis of hypertension remain elusive. Here, we report that the proportion of CaV1.2 channels with alternative e...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yingying Zhou, Jia Fan, Huayuan Zhu, Li Ji, Wenyong Fan, Isha Kapoor, Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, Guoqing Zhu, Juejin Wang Tags: Ion Channels/Membrane Transport, Vascular Biology, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Mechanoactivation Involves RGS5 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling 5) in Skeletal Muscle ArteriesNovelty and Significance G Protein Signaling and Vasoconstriction
Studies suggest that arteriolar pressure–induced vasoconstriction can be initiated by GPCRs (G protein–coupled receptors), including the AT1R (angiotensin II type 1 receptor). This raises the question, are such mechanisms regulated by negative feedback? The present studies examined whether RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells are colocalized with the AT1R when activated by mechanical stress or angiotensin II and whether this modulates AT1R-mediated vasoconstriction. To determine whether activation of the AT1R recruits RGS5, an in situ proximity ligation assay was performed in...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kwangseok Hong, Min Li, Zahra Nourian, Gerald A. Meininger, Michael A. Hill Tags: Basic Science Research, Cell Signaling/Signal Transduction, Vascular Biology, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Abstract 146: MicroRNA-216a Promotes M1 Macrophages Polarization Through the Activation of Telomerase Session Title: Developmental Programming and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Conclusions: Our data indicated that miR-216a promotes M1 macrophages polarization through the activation of telomerase and reduces collagen III in mice carotid lesions, and ultimately accelerates the development of atherosclerosis.
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Shujun Yang, Jian Li, Yu Chen, Rutai Hui, Weili Zhang Tags: Oral Abstract Presentations Source Type: research
Abstract P216: Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase Regulates Mitochondrial Redox Balance and Endothelial Function in Response to Angiotensin II Session Title: Onsite Poster Competition I With Reception
Hypertension (HTN) involves increased peripheral resistance to blood flow mediated by changes in vascular tone. Endothelial dysfunction is an initiating step in HTN and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) is a critical enzyme in the regulation of mitochondrial NADPH levels and can impact mitochondrial redox status. We have demonstrated that the loss of NNT in C57Bl/6J mice is associated with a more severe hypertensive phenotype in response to Ang II characterized by mitochondrial and vascular dysfunction driven by vascular ROS pro...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Matthew Vetkoetter, Shashanka Rao K N, Xinggui Shen, Sibile Pardue, David M Krzywanski Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research
Abstract P218: Role of UCP2 on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Blood Pressure Regulation in the Renal Oxidative Stress-mediated Hypertension Associated With Dj-1 Depletion Session Title: Onsite Poster Competition I With Reception
In conclusion, deletion of DJ-1 leads to oxidative stress-induced hypertension associated with down-regulation of NO synthesis. UCP2 has protective properties against the development of MT dysfunction in MT oxidative stress conditions. However, excessive and chronic over expression of UCP2 could have deleterious consequences on BP regulation.
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Carmen De Miguel, William C Hamrick, Sudhar Jagarlamudi, Xiaobo Ma, Laureano Asico, Pedro Jose, Santiago Cuevas Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research
Abstract P239: (Pro)Renin Receptor Contributes to Albumin Overload Nephropathy: Role of Site-1 Protease-Derived Soluble (Pro) Renin Receptor Session Title: Onsite Poster Competition I With Reception
(Pro) renin receptor (PRR) is a new member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its role in chronic kidney disease largely remains elusive. We tested the role of PRR in albumin overload (OA) nephropathy. Uninephretomized Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 7 weeks with vehicle, bovine serum albumin (BSA) (5 g/kg/d via a single i.p. injection) or in combination with PRO20 (500 μg/kg/d via i.p. 3 times a day). The OA rat exhibited severe proteinuria (23-fold), interstitial fibrosis, and oxidative stress, accompanied with increases in urinary renin activity (3.6-fold), urinary angiotensinogen (AGT, 3.6-fold), urinary A...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hui Fang, Chuanming Xu, Aihua Lu, Chang-Jiang Zou, Shiying Xie, Yanting Chen, Li Zhou, Mi Liu, Lei Wang, Weidong Wang, Tianxin Yang Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research
Abstract 036: Regulation of sFlt-1 Splicing by U2AF and JMJD Session Title: Pregnancy and Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia (PE) is a gestational disorder defined by new-onset hypertension and maternal endothelial dysfunction. Though its origins are unclear, placental ischemia is thought to be the central cause. In response, the placenta releases pathogenic factors, such as the anti-angiogenic soluble form of the VEGF receptor Flt-1 (sFlt-1), into the maternal circulation. sFlt-1 is a soluble splice variant of the VEGF receptor Flt-1, acting as a VEGF sink in the circulation. The regulation of sFlt-1 splicing is not completely understood, but it is proposed that the splicing factor U2AF65 promotes splicing, while JMJD6 opposes it b...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Adrian C Eddy, Heather Chapman, Eric M George Tags: Oral Abstract Presentations Source Type: research
Abstract P310: Atuplex Formulated With Small Interfering RNA For Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFLT1) Selectively Silences Maternal And Placental sFLT1 In A Preeclamptic Rat Model Session Title: Pregnancy and Preeclampsia and Developmental Programming of Cardiovascular Disease
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, affecting about 5-8% of pregnancies. It is a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity/mortality. The disease is most probably multifactorial and caused by several placental dysfunctions. As an important mediator, sFLT1 is induced in the placenta and in the serum of preeclamptic women, acting as a decoy receptor for placenta like growth factors (PLGF) and inducing an antiangiogenic balance. RNAi mediated gene specific silencing could represent a new therapeutic option in preeclampsia management. We tested sFLT1-specific small inte...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nadine Haase, Kristin Kraker, Ute Schaeper, Jens Endruschat, Dominik N Muller, Ralf Dechend Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research
Abstract P120: Down Regulation of Add3 in Astrocytes Induces Pro-inflammatory and Fibrotic Factors and May Contribute to Alzheimer’S-related Dementias Session Title: Onsite Poster Competition I With Reception
We genetically mapped a mutation in Add3 in FHH rats that decreases Add3 expression in various tissues, including brain and cerebral vessels, and further decreases with age in comparison with FHH.1BN congenic rats in which Chr. 1 from BN rats containing 15 genes, including Add3, was transferred onto FHH genetic background. More recently, we demonstrated that Add3 dysfunction contributes to cerebral vascular impairments in FHH rats, and they exhibit BBB leakage and neurodegeneration after the development of hypertension. In addition, Aβ protein expression in the brain in FHH rats is increased as early as 8 weeks of age. Re...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Paige N Mims, Sheshank Shekhar, Shaoxun Wang, Olivia Travis, Fan Fan Tags: Poster Abstract Presentations Source Type: research
Mnk1 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Interacting Kinase 1) Deficiency Aggravates Cardiac Remodeling in MiceNovelty and Significance Heart
Identifying the key factor involved in cardiac remodeling is critically important for developing novel strategies to protect against heart failure. Here, the role of Mnk1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase–interacting kinase 1) in cardiac remodeling was clarified. Cardiac remodeling was induced by transverse aortic constriction in Mnk1-knockout mice and their wild-type control mice. After 4 weeks of transverse aortic constriction, Mnk1-knockout mice developed exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and showed increased ERK1/2 (extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2) activat...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yuan, Y., Yan, L., Wu, Q.-Q., Zhou, H., Jin, Y.-G., Bian, Z.-Y., Deng, W., Yang, Z., Shen, D.-F., Zeng, X.-F., Wang, S.-S., Li, H., Tang, Q.-Z. Tags: Hypertrophy, Remodeling Original Articles Source Type: research
Adipocyte (Pro)Renin-Receptor Deficiency Induces Lipodystrophy, Liver Steatosis and Increases Blood Pressure in Male Mice Prorenin Receptor
We report a unique model of adipocyte-PRR–deficient mice (PRRAdi/Y) with almost no detectable white adipose tissues. As a consequence, the livers of PRRAdi/Y mice were enlarged and demonstrated a marked accumulation of lipids. Adipocyte-specific deficiency of PRR increased systolic blood pressure and the concentration of soluble PRR in plasma. To determine whether adipocyte-PRR was involved in the development of obesity-induced hypertension, mice were fed a low-fat or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Adipocyte-PRR–deficient mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity. Both high-fat– and low-fat–fed PRR...
Source: Hypertension - June 7, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wu, C.-H., Mohammadmoradi, S., Thompson, J., Su, W., Gong, M., Nguyen, G., Yiannikouris, F. Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Prorenin Receptor Source Type: research
Abstract 068: Role for the Rho-GAP Graf3 in the Pathogenesis of Human Hypertension Session Title: Concurrent XIV B: Vascular Biology I
Activation of RhoA in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) has been linked to vasoconstrictor-induced hypertension (HTN), but the relevance of this pathway to human disease was undetermined. We identified GRAF3 as a RhoA-GAP expressed specifically in SMC in mice and humans and reported that global GRAF3-deficient mice exhibited significant basal HTN (+ 25 mm Hg) that was fully reversed by treatment with a Rho-kinase inhibitor (Nature Comm. 2013;4:2910). Importantly, we recently created a tamoxifen inducible SMC-GRAF3 re-expression model which resulted in a near complete reversal of MAP (from 123 mmHg to 95 mm Hg), indicating...
Source: Hypertension - November 3, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bai, X., Mangum, K., Mack, C., Taylor, J. M. Tags: Session Title: Concurrent XIV B: Vascular Biology I Source Type: research
Abstract P052: Homocysteine Increases Macrophage-Derived Paraoxonase -1 Expression Independent of CD68 Session Title: Poster Session 1- Trainee Onsite Poster Competition and Reception
Although atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the leading cause of myocardial infarction, the mechanisms are unclear. Macrophages burdened with oxidized LDL (oxLDL) become foam cells: hallmarks of plaque progression and instability. One of the main macrophage-specific receptors for oxLDL is CD68. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated lactonase capable of retarding/inhibiting LDL oxidation. Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy), an amino acid homologue and independent cardiovascular risk factor, is metabolized by Pon1.Given the literature connections of oxLDL, Pon1, Hcy, and macrophages to atheros...
Source: Hypertension - November 3, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chernyavskiy, I., Winchester, L., Veeranki, S., Tyagi, S. Tags: Session Title: Poster Session 1- Trainee Onsite Poster Competition and Reception Source Type: research
Abstract MP05: Knockdown of Gamma-adducin Expression Impairs the Myogenic Response of the Cerebral and Renal Arterioles Session Title: Vascular Biology/Remodeling and Dysfunction
We recently identified a region on chromosome 1 containing 15 genes that rescues the impaired myogenic response in the afferent arteriole (Af-art) and the development of renal injury in Fawn Hood Hypertensive (FHH) rats. We also found an inactivating K572Q mutation in the gamma-Adducin (Add3) gene in FHH rats in this region that may play a causal role. To test this hypothesis, the present study examed the effect of knockdown of the expression of Add3 with DsiRNA on the myogenic response of renal and cerebral arterioles. A newly designed 27-mer Add3 DsiRNA blocked the expression of the Add3 protein in 293 cells and reduced ...
Source: Hypertension - November 3, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Fan, F., Pabbidi, M. R., Ge, Y., Roman, R. J. Tags: Session Title: Vascular Biology/Remodeling and Dysfunction Source Type: research
