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Indoxyl sulfate-induced activation of (pro)renin receptor is involved in expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in proximal tubular cells.
Abstract Activation of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, in the activation of PRR is not clear. The present study aimed to clarify the role of indoxyl sulfate in activation of PRR, in relation to renal expression of fibrotic genes. Renal expression of PRR and renin/prorenin was upregulated in CKD rats compared with normal rats, whereas AST-120 suppressed these expression by reducing serum levels of indoxyl sulfate. Furthermore, administration of indoxyl sulfate to normotensive and hypertensive rats increas...
Source: Endocrinology - March 6, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Saito S, Shimizu H, Yisireyili M, Nishijima F, Enomoto A, Niwa T Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine protects pancreatic β-cells against aldosterone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in female db/db mice and insulin-producing MIN6 cells.
This study aimed to investigate whether oxidative stress is involved in and whether the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone could prevent or delay β-cell damage in vivo and in vitro. As expected, 8 weeks after aldosterone treatment, 12-week-old female diabetic db/db mice exhibited impaired oral glucose tolerance, decreased β-cell mass, and heightened levels of oxidative stress marker (urinary 8-OHdG). NAC reversed these symptoms completely, whereas spironolactone treatment did so only partially. After exposure to aldosterone, the mouse pancreatic β-cell lin...
Source: Endocrinology - September 5, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jin HM, Zhou DC, Gu HF, Qiao QY, Fu SK, Liu XL, Pan Y Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research