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Nuclear myosin 1 associates with papillomavirus E2 regulatory protein and influences viral replication.
We report herein that papillomavirus protein E2 binds to NM1 and co-precipitates with the WSTF and SNF2h proteins. Our data suggest that E2 associates with the cellular B-WICH complex through binding to NM1. E2 and NM1 associate via their N-terminal domains and this interaction is ATP dependent. The cellular multifunctional protein Brd4 and beta-actin are also present in the NM1-E2 complex. NM1 downregulation by siRNA increases the replication of the BPV1 and HPV5 genomes but does not affect HPV18 genome replication. These results suggest that the B-WICH complex may play a role in the papillomavirus life cycle through NM1 ...
Source: Virology - November 24, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Sankovski E, Abroi A, Ustav M, Ustav M Tags: Virology Source Type: research

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E binds to classical swine fever virus NS5A and facilitates viral replication.
Abstract Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) NS5A protein is a multifunctional protein, playing critical roles in viral RNA replication, translation and assembly. To further explore its functions in viral replication, interaction of NS5A with host factors was assayed using a his-tag "pull down" assay coupled with shotgun LC-MS/MS. Host protein translation initiation factor 3 subunit E was identified as a binding partner of NS5A, and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization analysis. Overexpression of eIF3E markedly enhanced CSFV genomic replication, viral protein expression and production of progeny ...
Source: Virology - December 7, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Liu X, Wang X, Wang Q, Luo M, Guo H, Gong W, Tu C, Sun J Tags: Virology Source Type: research

B23/nucleophosmin interacts with bovine immunodeficiency virus Rev protein and facilitates viral replication.
Abstract The bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) Rev shuttling protein contains nuclear/nucleolar localization signals and nuclear import/export mechanisms that are novel among lentivirus Rev proteins. Several viral proteins localize to the nucleolus, which may play a role in processes that are essential to the outcome of viral replication. Although BIV Rev localizes to the nucleoli of transfected/infected cells and colocalizes with one of its major proteins, nucleophosmin (NPM1, also known as B23), the role of the nucleolus and B23 in BIV replication remains to be determined. Here, we demonstrate for the first ti...
Source: Virology - December 28, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Passos-Castilho AM, Marchand C, Archambault D Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Metalloprotease ADAM17 regulates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection by modifying aminopeptidase N.
Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). PED, characterized by acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, has caused serious economic losses in pig industry worldwide. Here, we demonstrate that activation of a disintergrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) induced the decrease of PEDV infection in HEK293 and IPEC-J2 cells and the downregulation of cell surface aminopeptidase N (APN) expression, an important entry factor for PEDV infection. Furthermore, overexpression of ADAM17 suppressed PEDV infection in HEK293 and IPEC-J2 cells, whereas ablation of ADAM17...
Source: Virology - February 20, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Zhang J, Guo L, Yang L, Xu J, Zhang L, Feng L, Chen H, Wang Y Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Aminopeptidase-N-independent entry of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus into Vero or porcine small intestine epithelial cells.
Abstract A monkey cell line Vero (ATCC CCL-81) is commonly used for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) propagation in vitro. However, it is still controversial whether the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN) counterpart on Vero cells (Vero-APN) confers PEDV entry. We found that endogenous expression of Vero-APN was undetectable in the mRNA and the protein levels in Vero cells. We cloned the partial Vero-APN gene (3340-bp) containing exons 1 to 9 from cellular DNA and subsequently generated two APN-knockout Vero cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9 approach. PEDV infection of two APN-knockout Vero cells had the same efficienc...
Source: Virology - March 1, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Ji CM, Wang B, Zhou J, Huang YW Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces HMGB1 secretion via activating PKC-delta to trigger inflammatory response.
Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes inflammatory injuries in infected pigs. PRRSV induces secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) that enhances inflammatory response. However, the mechanism of PRRSV-induced HMGB1 secretion is unknown. Here, we discovered PRRSV induced HMGB1 secretion via activating protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ). HMGB1 secretion was positively correlated with PKCδ activation in PRRSV-infected cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Suppression of PKCδ with inhibitor and siRNA significantly blocked PRRSV-induced HMGB1 translocation and secretion, ...
Source: Virology - March 6, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Wang R, Yang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Xu L, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Bai L, Zhao S, Liu E, Zhang YJ Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Cellular Hsp27 interacts with classical swine fever virus NS5A protein and negatively regulates viral replication by the NF- κB signaling pathway.
Cellular Hsp27 interacts with classical swine fever virus NS5A protein and negatively regulates viral replication by the NF-κB signaling pathway. Virology. 2018 Mar 08;518:202-209 Authors: Ling S, Luo M, Jiang S, Liu J, Ding C, Zhang Q, Guo H, Gong W, Tu C, Sun J Abstract Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) nonstructural protein NS5A is a multifunctional protein functioning in regulation of viral genome replication, protein translation and assembly by interaction with viral or host proteins. Here, heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) has been identified as a novel binding partner of NS5A by using His tag "pu...
Source: Virology - March 8, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Ling S, Luo M, Jiang S, Liu J, Ding C, Zhang Q, Guo H, Gong W, Tu C, Sun J Tags: Virology Source Type: research

The transmembrane nucleoporin Pom121 ensures efficient HIV-1 pre-integration complex nuclear import.
Abstract HIV-1 hijacks host classical cargo nuclear transportation, or nonclassical pathways by directly interacting with importin-β family proteins or nucleoporins for efficient pre-integration complex (PIC) nuclear import. Recently, an N-terminal truncated form of nucleoporin Pom121c (601-987 aa) was reported to inhibit HIV-1 replication. In contrast, we found that HIV-1 replication was significantly decreased in 293T and TZM-b1 cells with siRNA-mediated Pom121 knockdown. Quantitative PCR indicated that viral replication was impaired at the step of cDNA nuclear import. Furthermore, we found that karyopherin-β1...
Source: Virology - June 25, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Guo J, Liu X, Wu C, Hu J, Peng K, Wu L, Xiong S, Dong C Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Small RNA-based interactions between rice and the viruses which cause the tungro disease.
Abstract Rice tungro disease is caused by a complex of two viruses, Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). To examine the RNAi-based defence response in rice during tungro disease, we characterized the virus-derived small RNAs and miRNAs by Deep Sequencing. We found that, while 21 nt/22 nt (nucleotide) siRNAs are predominantly produced in a continuous, overlapping and asymmetrical manner from RTBV, siRNA accumulation from RTSV were negligible. Additionally, 54 previously known miRNAs from rice, predicted to be regulating genes involved in plant defence, hormone signaling and d...
Source: Virology - August 3, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Zarreen F, Kumar G, Johnson AMA, Dasgupta I Tags: Virology Source Type: research

CDC25B promotes influenza A virus replication by regulating the phosphorylation of nucleoprotein.
Abstract Cell division cycle 25 B (CDC25B) is a member of the CDC25 phosphatase family. It can dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases and regulate the cell division cycle. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of CDC25B impairs influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Here, to further understand the regulatory mechanism of CDC25B for IAV replication, a CDC25B-knockout (KO) 293T cell line was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. The present data indicated that the replication of IAV was decreased in CDC25B-KO cells. Additionally, CDC25B deficiency damaged viral polymerase activity, nucleoprotein (NP) self-oligomerization, and NP nucle...
Source: Virology - September 18, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Cui L, Mahesutihan M, Zheng W, Meng L, Fan W, Li J, Ye X, Liu W, Sun L Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Impact of dynamin 2 on adenovirus nuclear entry.
Abstract The large GTPase dynamin 2 controls both endosomal fission and microtubule acetylation. Here we report that dynamin 2 alters microtubules and regulates the trafficking of human adenovirus type 37. Dynamin 2 knockdown by siRNA in infected cells resulted in accumulation of acetylated tubulin, repositioning of microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) closer to cell nuclei, increased virus in the cytosol (with a compensatory decrease in endosomal virus), reduced proinflammatory cytokine induction, and increased binding of virus to the nucleoporin, Nup358. These events led to increased viral DNA nuclear entry an...
Source: Virology - January 10, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Lee JS, Ismail AM, Lee JY, Zhou X, Materne EC, Chodosh J, Rajaiya J Tags: Virology Source Type: research

The human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 tax oncoprotein dissociates NF- κB p65RelA-Stathmin complexes and causes catastrophic mitotic spindle damage and genomic instability.
The human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 tax oncoprotein dissociates NF-κB p65RelA-Stathmin complexes and causes catastrophic mitotic spindle damage and genomic instability. Virology. 2019 Jul 03;535:83-101 Authors: Malu A, Hutchison T, Yapindi L, Smith K, Nelson K, Bergeson R, Pope J, Romeo M, Harrod C, Ratner L, Van Lint C, Harrod R Abstract Genomic instability is a hallmark of many cancers; however, the molecular etiology of chromosomal dysregulation is not well understood. The human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) oncoprotein Tax activates NF-κB-signaling and induces DNA-damage and aberrant ...
Source: Virology - July 2, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Malu A, Hutchison T, Yapindi L, Smith K, Nelson K, Bergeson R, Pope J, Romeo M, Harrod C, Ratner L, Van Lint C, Harrod R Tags: Virology Source Type: research

GADD34 attenuates HIV-1 replication by viral 5'-UTR TAR RNA-mediated translational inhibition.
Abstract Role of GADD34, a protein that is induced following cellular stress, in HIV-1 replication was investigated. GADD34 was induced during the late phase of HIV-1 infection. siRNA-knockdown of GADD34 stimulated whereas overexpression of GADD34 inhibited HIV-1 replication. GADD34 N-terminal ER-binding-helix amino acid region 1-192 alone was found to be sufficient for the inhibition of HIV-1 replication whereas protein-phosphatase -1-binding domain and eIF-2α-phosphatase activity of GADD34 were not crucial for anti-HIV-1 activity. GADD34 did not alter the HIV-1 RNA levels but reduced the viral protein expressio...
Source: Virology - November 14, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Ishaq M, Marshall H, Natarajan V Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Protein (APMAP) promotes JC Virus (JCPyV) infection in human glial cells.
Abstract The demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by the human polyomavirus, JCPyV, under conditions of prolonged immunosuppression. Initial infection is asymptomatic, and the virus establishes lifelong persistence in the host. Following the loss of immune surveillance, the virus can traffic to the central nervous system and infect oligodendrocytes to cause demyelination and PML. The mechanisms involved in glial cell infection are not completely understood. In a screen for N-glycosylated proteins that influence JCPyV pathology, we identified Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Ass...
Source: Virology - August 27, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Haley SA, O'Hara BA, Atwood WJ Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Rat and human cytomegalovirus ORF116 encodes a virion envelope glycoprotein required for infectivity
Virology. 2021 Feb 9;557:23-33. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.014. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHerpesviruses encode multiple glycoproteins required for different stages of viral attachment, fusion, and envelopment. The protein encoded by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) open reading frame UL116 forms a stable complex with glycoprotein H that is incorporated into virions. However, the function of this complex remains unknown. Herein, we characterize R116, the rat CMV (RCMV) putative homolog of UL116. Two R116 transcripts were identified in fibroblasts with three proteins expressed with molecular weights of 42, 58, and 82 k...
Source: Virology - February 18, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Philippe Gatault Iris K A Jones Christine Meyer Craig Kreklywich Timothy Alexander Patricia P Smith Michael Denton Josh Powell Susan L Orloff Daniel N Streblow Source Type: research

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