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Cycloastragenol suppresses M1 and promotes M2 polarization in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells and ischemic stroke mice
This study investigated the effect of CAG on the phenotype polarization of microglia in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 mouse microglial cells and ischemic stroke mice. In LPS-treated BV-2 cells, we found that CAG significantly reduced the expression of M1 markers, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. In contrast, CAG promoted the expression of M2 markers, including anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factor. In addition, CAG inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and enhanced the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of its downstream heme oxyg...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - October 17, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ting Chen Ziqing Li Shichun Li Yingxiang Zou Xinyi Gao Shi Shu Zhifei Wang Source Type: research

Cytosolic p53 Inhibits Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy and Promotes Acute Liver Injury Induced by Heat Stroke
Heat stroke (HS) is a severe condition characterized by increased morbidity and high mortality. Acute liver injury (ALI) is a well-documented complication of HS. The tumor suppressor p53 plays an important role in regulation of mitochondrial integrity and mitophagy in several forms of ALI. However, the role of p53-regulated mitophagy in HS-ALI remains unclear. In our study, we discovered the dynamic changes of mitophagy in hepatocytes and demonstrated the protective effects of mitophagy activation on HS-ALI. Pretreatment with 3-MA or Mdivi-1 significantly exacerbated ALI by inhibiting mitophagy in HS-ALI mice. Consistent w...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 13, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Activation of RAR α Receptor Attenuates Neuroinflammation After SAH via Promoting M1-to-M2 Phenotypic Polarization of Microglia and Regulating Mafb/Msr1/PI3K-Akt/NF-κB Pathway
ConclusionActivation of the RARα receptor attenuated neuroinflammation by promoting M1-to-M2 phenotypic polarization in microglia and regulating the Mafb/Msr1/PI3K-Akt/NF-κB pathway. RARα might serve as a potential target for SAH therapy.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 14, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Z-Guggulsterone alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis in ischemic stroke.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is a serious and life-threatening cerebrovascular thrombotic disease; however, the therapeutic strategy is limited for the complicated mechanism and narrow therapeutic window. Our previous study suggested that Z-Guggulsterone (Z-GS), an active component derived from myrrh, is a good candidate for cerebral injury. The object of this study is to investigate the exact mechanisms of Z-GS in cerebral ischemic stroke. Rats were used to conduct middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and were treated with different dosage of Z-GS. Morphological results showed that Z-GS significantly allevia...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - October 28, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Liu T, Wang W, Liu M, Ma Y, Mu F, Feng X, Zhang Y, Guo C, Ding Y, Wen A Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

Irisin protects against neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation in part depends on the inhibition of ROS-NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway
Publication date: November 2017 Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 91 Author(s): Juan Peng, Xian Deng, Wei Huang, Ji-hua Yu, Jian-xiong Wang, Jie-ping Wang, Shi-bin Yang, Xi Liu, Li Wang, Yun Zhang, Xiang-Yu Zhou, Hui Yang, Yan-Zheng He, Fang-yuan Xu Recent studies found that irisin, a newly discovered skeletal muscle-derived myokine during exercise, is also synthesized in various tissues of different species and protects against neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia. The NOD-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome play an important role in detecting cellular damage and mediating inflammatory responses to aseptic tissu...
Source: Molecular Immunology - October 1, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research