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PTPN11 Knockdown Prevents Changes in the Expression of Genes Controlling Cell Cycle, Chemotherapy Resistance, and Oncogene-Induced Senescence in Human Thyroid Cells Overexpressing BRAF V600E Oncogenic Protein
AbstractThe MAPK (RAS/BRAF/MEK/ERK) signaling pathway is a kinase cascade involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in response to external stimuli. The V600E mutation in theBRAF gene has been detected in various tumors, resulting in a 500-fold increase in BRAF kinase activity. However, monotherapy with selective BRAF V600E inhibitors often leads to reactivation of MAPK signaling cascade and emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, new targets are being developed for the inhibition of components of the aberrantly activated cascade. It was recently discovered that resistance to BRAF V60...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - December 31, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis Pathway in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines via Inhibition of the JaK2/STAT3 Signaling
In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of SNG in a panel of MM cell lines (U266, IM9, MM1S, and RPMI-8226). SNG treatment of MM cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability through mitochondrial membrane potential loss and activation of caspase 3, 9, and cleavage of PARP. Pre-treatment of MM cells with a universal caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, prevented SNG mediated loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase activation, confirming that SNG-mediated apoptosis is caspase-dependent. The SNG-mediated apoptosis appears to be resulted from suppres...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Knockdown of S100A4 blocks growth and metastasis of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a locally aggressive type of thyroid tumor with high rate of distant metastases. It is often incurable because it does not respond to radioiodine, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. With conventional treatment, the median survival is about 6 months; therefore, new treatment options are needed. S100A4 is a calcium-binding protein related to the metastatic potential of carcinoma. Previous study has found S100A4 was overexpressed in human papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) tissues, and overexpression of S100A4 is associated with thyroid tumour invasion and metastasis. In the pr...
Source: Cancer Biomarkers : Section A of Disease Markers - September 25, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhang K, Yu M, Hao F, Dong A, Chen D Tags: Cancer Biomark Source Type: research

Lysophosphatidate signaling stabilizes Nrf2 and increases the expression of genes involved in drug resistance and oxidative stress responses: implications for cancer treatment Research Communication
This study provides the first evidence that LPA increases antioxidant gene and multidrug-resistant transporter expression. Blocking this aspect of LPA signaling provides a novel strategy for improving chemotherapy.—Venkatraman, G., Benesch, M. G. K., Tang, X., Dewald, J., McMullen, T. P. W., Brindley, D. N. Lysophosphatidate signaling stabilizes Nrf2 and increases the expression of genes involved in drug resistance and oxidative stress responses: implications for cancer treatment.
Source: FASEB Journal - March 2, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Venkatraman, G., Benesch, M. G. K., Tang, X., Dewald, J., McMullen, T. P. W., Brindley, D. N. Tags: Research Communication Source Type: research