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Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 901: Silencing ZEB2 Induces Apoptosis and Reduces Viability in Glioblastoma Cell Lines
Conclusions: In line with previous investigations, our results indicated a critical oncogenic role for ZEB2 overexpression in brain glioma tumors. These properties make ZEB2 an essential molecule for further studies in the treatment of glioma cancer.
Source: Molecules - February 9, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sahar Safaee Masoumeh Fardi Nima Hemmat Neda Khosravi Afshin Derakhshani Nicola Silvestris Behzad Baradaran Tags: Article Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 2028: Evaluation of Amino-Functional Polyester Dendrimers Based on Bis-MPA as Nonviral Vectors for siRNA Delivery
Malkoch Herein, we present the first evaluation of cationic dendrimers based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) as nonviral vectors for transfection of short interfering RNA (siRNA) in cell cultures. The study encompassed dendrimers of generation one to four (G1–G4), modified to bear 6–48 amino end-groups, where the G2–G4 proved to be capable of siRNA complexation and protection against RNase-mediated degradation. The dendrimers were nontoxic to astrocytes, glioma (C6), and glioblastoma (U87), while G3 and G4 exhibited concentration dependent toxicity towards primary ...
Source: Molecules - August 14, 2018 Category: Chemistry Authors: Patrik Stenstr öm Dario Manzanares Yuning Zhang Valentin Ce ña Michael Malkoch Tags: Article Source Type: research

Hexokinase 2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 transcriptionally coactivate xanthine oxidoreductase expression in stressed glioma cells Gene Regulation
A dynamic network of metabolic adaptations, inflammatory responses, and redox homeostasis is known to drive tumor progression. A considerable overlap among these processes exists, but several of their key regulators remain unknown. To this end, here we investigated the role of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in connecting these processes in glioma cells. We found that glucose starvation sensitizes glioma cells to IL-1β–induced apoptosis in a manner that depended on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although IL-1β–induced JNK had no effect on cell viability under glucose deprivation, it mediated nuclear translocation...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - March 30, 2018 Category: Chemistry Authors: Touseef Sheikh, Piyushi Gupta, Pruthvi Gowda, Shruti Patrick, Ellora Sen Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

FOXM1 Is Essential for Nuclear Localization of GLI1 Gene Regulation
The transcription factors glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), a primary marker of Hedgehog pathway activation, and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) are aberrantly activated in a wide range of malignancies, including glioma. However, the mechanism of nuclear localization of GLI1 and whether FOXM1 regulates the Hedgehog signaling pathway are poorly understood. Here we found that FOXM1 promotes nuclear import of GLI1 in glioblastoma multiforme cells and thus increases the expression of its target genes. Conversely, knockdown of FOXM1 expression with FOXM1 siRNA abrogated its nuclear import and inhibited the expression of its ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - July 23, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Xue, J., Zhou, A., Tan, C., Wu, Y., Lee, H.-T., Li, W., Xie, K., Huang, S. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

GD3 Drives Invasiveness via PDGFR{alpha} Cell Biology
In this study we employed a genetically engineered mouse model of glioma to clarify the functions of GD3 in gliomas. Forced expression of platelet-derived growth factor B in cultured astrocytes derived from p53-deficient mice resulted in the expression of GD3 and GD2. GD3-positive astrocytes exhibited increased cell growth and invasion activities along with elevated phosphorylation of Akt and Yes kinase. By enzyme-mediated activation of radical sources reaction and mass spectrometry, we identified PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα) as a GD3-associated molecule. GD3-positive astrocytes showed a significant amount of PDGFRα in glyc...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - June 25, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ohkawa, Y., Momota, H., Kato, A., Hashimoto, N., Tsuda, Y., Kotani, N., Honke, K., Suzumura, A., Furukawa, K., Ohmi, Y., Natsume, A., Wakabayashi, T., Tags: Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices Source Type: research

SEL1L siRNA Enhances the Cytotoxic Effects of VPA Molecular Bases of Disease
Valproic acid (VPA), an histone deacetylase inhibitor, is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatments of gliomas by virtue of its ability to reactivate the expression of epigenetically silenced genes. VPA induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive pathway displaying a dichotomic yin yang characteristic; it initially contributes in safeguarding the malignant cell survival, whereas long-lasting activation favors a proapoptotic response. By triggering UPR, VPA might tip the balance between cellular adaptation and programmed cell death via the deregulation of protein homeostasis and induction of ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 31, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Cattaneo, M., Baronchelli, S., Schiffer, D., Mellai, M., Caldera, V., Saccani, G. J., Dalpra, L., Daga, A., Orlandi, R., DeBlasio, P., Biunno, I. Tags: Neurobiology Source Type: research

PLD2, Akt, and Autophagy in Glioma Lipids
In this report, we show that the lipid-metabolizing enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) is a novel regulator of Akt in GBM. Studies using a combination of small molecule PLD inhibitors and siRNA knockdowns establish phosphatidic acid, the product of the PLD reaction, as an essential component for the membrane recruitment and activation of Akt. Inhibition of PLD enzymatic activity and subsequent Akt activation decreases GBM cell viability by specifically inhibiting autophagic flux. We propose a mechanism whereby phosphorylation of beclin1 by Akt prevents binding of Rubicon (RUN domain cysteine-rich domain containing beclin1-intera...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 10, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Bruntz, R. C., Taylor, H. E., Lindsley, C. W., Brown, H. A. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

SGEF Promotes Fn14-induced GB Invasion Cell Biology
Glioblastoma (GB) is the highest grade of primary adult brain tumors, characterized by a poorly defined and highly invasive cell population. Importantly, these invading cells are attributed with having a decreased sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)-Fn14 ligand-receptor signaling is one mechanism in GB that promotes cell invasiveness and survival and is dependent upon the activity of multiple Rho GTPases, including Rac1. Here we report that Src homology 3 domain-containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor (SGEF), a RhoG-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is over...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - July 26, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Fortin Ensign, S. P., Mathews, I. T., Eschbacher, J. M., Loftus, J. C., Symons, M. H., Tran, N. L. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research