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Infectious Disease: HIV-Leishmania Co-infection

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Total 32 results found since Jan 2013.

Therapeutic Potential of Bee and Scorpion Venom Phospholipase A2 (PLA2): A Narrative Review
Iran J Med Sci. 2022 Jul;47(4):300-313. doi: 10.30476/IJMS.2021.88511.1927.ABSTRACTVenomous arthropods such as scorpions and bees form one of the important groups with an essential role in medical entomology. Their venom possesses a mixture of diverse compounds, such as peptides, some of which have toxic effects, and enzymatic peptide Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with a pharmacological potential in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Bee and scorpion venom PLA2 group III has been used in immunotherapy, the treatment of neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. They were assessed for antinociceptive, wound healing, ant...
Source: Cancer Control - August 3, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Parisa Soltan-Alinejad Hamzeh Alipour Davood Meharabani Kourosh Azizi Source Type: research

Amino Acid Utilization May Explain Why Bemisia tabaci Q and B Differ in Their Performance on Plants Infected by the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
Discussion Research has shown that vectored viruses can alter host plant phenotypes so as to change interactions with other organisms, including interactions between plants, viruses, and insect vectors of viruses (Mauck et al., 2012, 2018; Casteel and Falk, 2016; Eigenbrode and Bosque-Perez, 2016; Mauck, 2016). Insect-vectored viruses can alter many host plant factors, including odors, induced defenses, visual and tactile characteristics, sugars, free amino acids, and secondary metabolites (Bosque-Perez and Eigenbrode, 2011; Casteel et al., 2014; Mauck et al., 2014a,b). In our study, TYLCV significantly altered the free a...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 30, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Characterization of α-Glucosidases From Lutzomyia longipalpis Reveals Independent Hydrolysis Systems for Plant or Blood Sugars
In this report, the authors consider that transglycosylation might be an adaptation for the obtention of monosaccharides from sucrose without the increase in osmolarity, as a simple hydrolytic reaction of a 0.7 M sucrose solution (phloem concentration) might result in osmotic shock for the midgut epithelial cells. In this respect, L. longipalpis enzymes might have the same biochemical adaptation. It would be very interesting to observe if this is a common trait of α-glucosidase from insects feeding on nectar or phloem sap, and verify if this is a case of evolutionary divergence or convergence. Two main mechanisms o...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 9, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Temporal distribution of, and effect of anthropic modifications on, phlebotomine populations in the Chaco Bioregion, Argentina
Abstract The Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical and veterinary importance, because some species are able to transmit pathogens such as Leishmania spp. In the last 20 years, numerous leishmaniasis outbreaks have been reported in the Chaco Bioregion (Argentina), with an increasing trend of cases associated with periurban transmission. The Chaco Bioregion has two sub‐regions according to their climatic and ecological characteristics: the Dry Chaco and the Humid Chaco. In the present study, sandfly captures were performed in both sub‐regions, at sites with different levels of anthropic modificati...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - December 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: E. A. Szelag, J. R. Rosa, M. G. Quintana, O. D. Salomon Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Co ‐occurrence and seasonal and environmental distributions of the sandflies Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia whitmani in the city of Puerto Iguazú, northeastern Argentina
Abstract The aim of this work was to study the distribution of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidade) abundance in time and space in an area in northeastern Argentina with vector transmission of visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. For this, 51 households were selected using a ‘worst scenario’ criterion where one light trap was set during two consecutive nights in peridomiciles in the transitions between the four seasons, and the environment was surveyed simultaneously. The relationships of phlebotomine assemblage structure and the most abundant species with seasonality and environmental variables were evaluated using...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - November 27, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. S. Santini, M. S. Fern ández, R. Cavia, O. D. Salomón Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Molecular detection of Wolbachia pipientis in natural populations of sandfly vectors of Leishmania infantum in endemic areas: first detection in Lutzomyia longipalpis
Abstract A polymerase chain reaction‐based method was used to screen sandflies for infection with Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont found in many arthropods and filarial hosts. Positive results were obtained in five of 200 field‐collected sandflies and were confirmed by sequencing. All sandflies were Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) captured in a region endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. This is the first study to identify Wolbachia infection in this Lutzomyia species, which is the main vector of leishmaniasis in the study area. The low infection r...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - August 11, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: N. O. DA ROCHA, S. M. LAMBERT, A. G. DIAS ‐LIMA, F. S. JULIÃO, B. M. P. S. SOUZA Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Photoperiod Differences in Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Species Richness and Abundance in Caves in Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Caves are unique habitats that are inhabited by a diverse and singular biota. Among these inhabitants are sand flies, which are of great epidemiological interest in the Neotropical region because they are vectors of Leishmania. The period of activity of these insects is usually crepuscular and nocturnal, but there are reports of diurnal activity of sand flies in caves. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the periodicity of daily activity of sand flies in cave environments in the municipality of Pains, Minas Gerais. Sand flies were collected with light traps, which were operated for 5 consecutive days in the rainy s...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - January 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Campos, A. M., Dos Santos, C. L. C., Stumpp, R., Da Silva, L. H. D., Maia, R. A., Paglia, A. P., Andrade Filho, J. D. Tags: Population and Community Ecology Source Type: research

Nycthemeral Rhythm of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Craggy Region, Transitioning Between the Wetland and the Plateau, Brazil
Recording the nycthemeral rhythm of sand flies allows the evaluation of the daily activity in different ecotypes, the period of greatest activity, and their degree of anthropophily. We investigated the fauna and the rhythm of sand fly activity in an ecotourism region in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state, Brazil. Sand flies were captured monthly, using a Shannon trap for 24 h periods between July 2012 and June 2014. We collected 1,815 sand flies, in which Lutzomyia whitmani (=Nyssomyia whitmani, sensu Galati) and Lutzomyia longipalpis were the most abundant species during the dry season, with activity from 5 p.m.–7 a.m. a...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - January 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Infran, J. O. M., Souza, D. A., Fernandes, W. S., Casaril, A. E., Eguchi, G. U., Oshiro, E. T., Fernandes, C. E. S., Paranhos Filho, A. C., Oliveira, A. G. Tags: Sampling, Distribution, Dispersal Source Type: research

Molecular Detection of Leishmania DNA in Wild-Caught Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From a Cave in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Leishmania spp. are distributed throughout the world, and different species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity. In Brazil, Leishmania transmission involves several species of phlebotomine sand flies that are closely associated with different parasites and reservoirs, and thereby giving rise to different transmission cycles. Infection occurs during the bloodmeals of sand flies obtained from a variety of wild and domestic animals, and sometimes from humans. The present study focused on detection of Leishmania DNA in phlebotomine sand flies from a cave in the state of Minas Gerais. Detection of Leishmania...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - January 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Carvalho, G. M. L., Brazil, R. P., Rego, F. D., Ramos, M. C. N. F., Zenobio, A. P. L. A., Andrade Filho, J. D. Tags: Vector/Pathogen/Host Interaction, Transmission Source Type: research

Aspects on the Ecology of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Guarai, State of Tocantins, Brazil, Endemic Area for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
The objective of this study was to examine the seasonal and hourly frequency of sand fly species, focusing on the potential vectors of ACL, in a settlement in Guaraí (TO), an ACL transmission area. Sand flies were captured in forested area close to Pedra Branca Agricultural Project settlement, from March 2006 until December 2007, using Shannon trap. Monthly captures were made from 06:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m., and 24-h captures were done twice per semester, from 06:00 a.m. to 06:00 a.m. A total of 10,089 specimens from 30 species were identified. Psychodopygus complexus Mangabeira, Psychodopygus llanosmartinsi Fraiha &a...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - January 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Godoy, R. E., de Santana, A. L. F., Graser, C., Rangel, E. F., Vilela, M. L. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Molecular screening of Leishmania spp. infection and bloodmeals in sandflies from a leishmaniasis focus in southwestern Turkey
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Page 224-229, March 2018.
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - December 2, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Presence of Putative Male-Produced Sex Pheromone in Lutzomyia cruciata (Diptera: Psychodidae), Vector of Leishmania mexicana
In this study, we evaluated the behavioral response of females to male abdominal extracts in a Y-tube olfactometer. The volatile compounds from male abdominal extracts were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and compared with those of female abdominal extracts. Finally, the disseminating structures of the putative sex pheromone were examined by scanning electron microscopy in the male abdomen. Females were more attracted to male abdominal extract than to the hexane control, suggesting the presence of male-produced sex pheromone. The male abdominal extracts were characterized by the presence of 12 sesq...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Serrano, A. K., Rojas, J. C., Cruz-Lopez, L. C., Malo, E. A., Mikery, O. F., Castillo, A. Tags: Behavior, Chemical Ecology Source Type: research