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Infectious Disease: West Nile Virus

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Total 44 results found since Jan 2013.

Vector competence of field populations of the mosquito species Aedes japonicus japonicus and Culex pipiens from Switzerland for two West Nile virus strains
Medical and Veterinary Entomology,Volume 32, Issue 1, Page 121-124, March 2018.
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - October 30, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Culex torrentium mosquitoes from Germany are negative for Wolbachia
Abstract Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) infects a wide range of arthropods, including several mosquito species. The bacterium is known to induce a plethora of phenotypes in its host, examples being the reproductive phenotype cytoplasmic incompatibility or resistance against infection with arboviruses. The latter is especially relevant when assessing the vector competence of mosquito species for emerging arboviruses. Thus, knowledge of Wolbachia infection status is important for the assessment of vector competence. To facilitate Wolbachia screening in mosquito populations, a quantitative polymerase chain reactio...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - September 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. Leggewie, R. Krumkamp, M. Badusche, A. Heitmann, S. Jansen, J. Schmidt ‐Chanasit, E. Tannich, S. C. Becker Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Vector competence of northern and southern European Culex pipiens pipiens mosquitoes for West Nile virus across a gradient of temperatures
This study suggests that low temperature is a key limiting factor for WNV transmission.
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - July 28, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: C. B. F. Vogels, G. P. G öertz, G. P. Pijlman, C. J. M. Koenraadt Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Assessment of the Probability of Autochthonous Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Canada under Recent and Projected Climate Change
This study identifies that southern Canada may be the very northern limit for transmission of these pathogens with climate change. Other factors need to be explored however, which include understanding when and where Canadian travelers are likely to return, infrastructure in Canada that may support vector populations in what would be expected to be climatically unsuitable regions, and whether or not there are other competent vectors in Canada. Further research to close the gap on our current understanding of CHIKV and CHIKV vectors, improved surveillance on Ae. albopictus in North America, and enhanced climate projection m...
Source: EHP Research - June 5, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Research Source Type: research

The Arrival of the Northern House Mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) on Newfoundlands Avalon Peninsula
Culex pipiens L., the northern house mosquito, is the primary vector of West Nile virus to humans along the east coast of North America and thus the focus of much study. This species is an urban container-breeding mosquito whose close contact with humans and flexibility in host choice has led to its classification as a "bridge vector"; that is, it is thought to move zoonotic diseases to humans from vertebrate reservoirs. While this invasive species is now well documented in its established range, which expanded in 2001 to include Canada, the existence of populations of this species along the fringes of its range are less w...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Chaulk, A. C., Carson, K. P., Whitney, H. G., Fonseca, D. M., Chapman, T. W. Tags: Sampling, Distribution, Dispersal Source Type: research

Mosquito Capture Rate Using CO2-Baited Traps in Relation to Distance From Water and Height: Implications for Avian Disease Transmission
Accumulating evidence suggests that enzootic transmission of pathogens such as West Nile virus (WNV) by mosquitoes is governed by host-bird interactions, including mosquito preferences for specific species and developmental stages of host birds, host bird availability, and host defensive behavior. Here, we examined how the attack rate of five mosquito species in southern California was influenced by the position of CO2-baited traps in relation to distance from water and trap height. We identified 44,207 female mosquitoes representing five species: Aedes vexans Meigen, Anopheles franciscanus McCracken, Anopheles hermsi Barr...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Eshun, O., Gerry, A., Hayes, W. K. Tags: Sampling, Distribution, Dispersal Source Type: research

Evaluation of the Honey-Card Technique for Detection of Transmission of Arboviruses in Florida and Comparison With Sentinel Chicken Seroconversion
Zoonotic mosquito-borne viruses, such as the West Nile virus (WNV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), are major public health threats in the United States. Early detection of virus transmission and targeted vector management are critical to protect humans against these pathogens. Sentinel chickens and pool screening of mosquitoes, the most widely used methods of arbovirus early detection, have technical time-lags that compromise their early-detection value. The exploitation of sugar-feeding by trapped mosquitoes for arbovirus surveillance may represent a viable alternative to other methods. Here we compared effe...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Burkett-Cadena, N. D., Gibson, J., Lauth, M., Stenn, T., Acevedo, C., Xue, R.-d., McNelly, J., Northey, E., Hassan, H. K., Fulcher, A., Bingham, A. M., van Olphen, J., van Olphen, A., Unnasch, T. R. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Bionomics and Vector Potential of Culex thriambus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Lake County, California
California statewide West Nile virus (WNV) minimum infection rates in Culex thriambus Dyar mosquitoes are high; however, few specimens are submitted and tested each year, as their distribution seems limited to larval habitats along riparian systems. To evaluate the role of Cx. thriambus in the amplification, maintenance, and overwintering of WNV in Lake County, CA, the bionomics and vector potential of the species was investigated during 2014 and 2015. Culex thriambus was the most abundant mosquito species, with 1,153 adults and 7,624 immatures collected by vacuum aspiration and dip sampling, respectively, at the primary s...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Nelms, B. M., Thiemann, T. C., Bridges, D. N., Williams, A. E., Koschik, M. L., Ryan, B. M., Scott, J. J. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Wide recognition of Culex pipiens and lack of detection of Culex torrentium through biomolecular differentiation of mosquitoes in the Emilia ‐Romagna region, Northern Italy
Abstract The Culex pipiens complex includes species with reported differences in vector competence for arthropod‐borne viruses, many of which are of significant importance to human health such as the West Nile virus and the Sindbis virus. This group of mosquitoes is difficult to distinguish morphologically; particularly as adult females. In Europe, the two species of the complex, Culex pipiens Linnaeus 1758 and Culex torrentium Martini 1925, are often found sympatrically. With the aim to characterize the presence and spread of both species in the Emilia‐Romagna region, Northern Italy, mosquitoes of the complex – co...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - August 1, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. CALZOLARI, P. BONILAURI, R. BELLINI, S. BECKER, M. DOTTORI Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Predicting West Nile Virus Infection Risk From the Synergistic Effects of Rainfall and Temperature
Mosquito-based surveillance is a practical way to estimate the risk of transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to people. Variations in temperature and precipitation play a role in driving mosquito infection rates and transmission of WNV, motivating efforts to predict infection rates based on prior weather conditions. Weather conditions and sequential patterns of meteorological events can have particularly important, but regionally distinctive, consequences for WNV transmission, with high temperatures and low precipitation often increasing WNV mosquito infection. Predictive models that incorporate weather can thus be used to...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - June 29, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Shand, L., Brown, W. M., Chaves, L. F., Goldberg, T. L., Hamer, G. L., Haramis, L., Kitron, U., Walker, E. D., Ruiz, M. O. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Spatiotemporal Co-occurrence of Flanders and West Nile Viruses Within Culex Populations in Shelby County, Tennessee
West Nile virus (WNV) and Flanders virus (FLAV) can cocirculate in Culex mosquitoes in parts of North America. A large dataset of mosquito pools tested for WNV and FLAV was queried to understand the spatiotemporal relationship between these two viruses in Shelby County, TN. We found strong evidence of global clustering (i.e., spatial autocorrelation) and overlapping of local clustering (i.e., Hot Spots based on Getis Ord Gi*) of maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of infection rates (IR) during 2008–2013. Temporally, FLAV emerges and peaks on average 10.2 wk prior to WNV based on IR. Higher levels of WNV IR were detec...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Lucero, D. E., Carlson, T. C., Delisle, J., Poindexter, S., Jones, T. F., Moncayo, A. C. Tags: Modeling/GIS, Risk Assessment, Economic Impact Source Type: research

The Impact of Cycling Temperature on the Transmission of West Nile Virus
West Nile virus (WNV) is an important cause of disease in humans and animals. Risk of WNV infection varies seasonally, with the greatest risk during the warmest parts of the year due in part to the accelerated extrinsic incubation rate of the virus in mosquitoes. Rates of extrinsic incubation have been shown in constant-temperature studies to increase as an approximately linear function of temperature, but for other vector-borne pathogens, such as malaria or dengue virus, nonlinear relationships have been demonstrated under cycling temperatures near the thermal limits of pathogen replication. Using typical daily air temper...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Danforth, M. E., Reisen, W. K., Barker, C. M. Tags: Vector/Pathogen/Host Interaction, Transmission Source Type: research