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Vaccination: Vaccines

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Total 141251 results found since Jan 2013.

Cracking the Vaccine Code in Tuberculosis.
Abstract Considerable effort has been devoted to developing a T cell mediated vaccine against tuberculosis (TB).  However, to date, the evidence that this approach can provide protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been limited in pre-clinical models and disappointing in a clinical trial. Our fundamental lack of understanding of protective immunity against TB is still the major impediment to vaccine development. In this perspective article, we aim to distinguish the innate immune mechanisms of host-resistance from T cell mediated host-tolerance, and call for novel approaches to be inv...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - October 18, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Divangahi M, Behr MA Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Dose Optimization of H56:IC31 Vaccine for TB Endemic Populations: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Selection Trial.
CONCLUSIONS: Two or three H56:IC31 vaccinations at the lowest dose induced durable antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses with acceptable safety and tolerability profiles in M.tb-infected and uninfected adults. Additional studies should validate applicability of vaccine doses and regimens to both QFT-positive and negative individuals. Clinical trial registration available at www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID NCT01865487. PMID: 30092143 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 9, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Suliman S, Luabeya AKK, Geldenhuys H, Tameris M, Hoff ST, Shi Z, Tait D, Kromann I, Ruhwald M, Rutkowski KT, Shepherd B, Hokey D, Ginsberg AM, Hanekom WA, Andersen P, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M, H56-035 Trial Group Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Wood Smoke Exposure Alters Human Inflammatory Responses to Viral Infection in a Sex-Specific Manner: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.
CONCLUSIONS: WSP exposure resulted in minimal modification of LAIV-induced responses in aggregate analysis. In contrast, analyzing WSP-induced modification of LAIV responses in the sexes separately unmasked sex-specific differences in response to exposure. These data highlight the need for additional studies to understand sex-specific pollutant-induced effects. Clinical trial registration available at www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID NCT02183753. PMID: 30360637 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - October 26, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Rebuli ME, Speen AM, Martin EM, Addo KA, Pawlak EA, Glista-Baker E, Robinette C, Zhou H, Noah TL, Jaspers I Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Aetiology and Risk Factors for Mortality in an Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia Cohort in Malawi.
CONCLUSIONS: In the ART era, CAP in Malawi remains predominantly HIV-associated with a large proportion attributable to potentially vaccine-preventable pathogens. Strategies to increase early detection and treatment of tuberculosis and improve supportive care, in particular the correction of hypoxaemia, should be evaluated in clinical trials to address CAP-associated mortality. PMID: 30625278 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 9, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Aston SJ, Ho A, Jary H, Huwa J, Mitchell T, Ibitoye S, Greenwood S, Joekes E, Daire A, Mallewa J, Everett D, Nyirenda M, Faragher B, Mwandumba HC, Heyderman RS, Gordon SB Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Local and Systemic Immunity Against RSV Induced by a Novel Intranasal Vaccine: A Randomised, Double- Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
CONCLUSIONS: SynGEM is thus the first non-replicating intranasal RSV subunit vaccine to induce persistent antibody responses in human volunteers. Clinical trial registration available at www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID NCT02958540. PMID: 30753101 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - February 12, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ascough S, Vlachantoni I, Kalyan M, Haijema BJ, Wallin-Weber S, Dijkstra-Tiekstra M, Ahmed MS, van Roosmalen M, Grimaldi R, Zhang Q, Leenhouts K, Openshaw PJ, Chiu C Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Two Randomized Trials of Effect of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine on Pneumococcal Colonization.
PMID: 30758980 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - February 13, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Rylance J, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, Mina MJ, Bogaert D, French N, Ferreira DM, and the EHPC-LAIV study group Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Nasal Pneumococcal Density is Associated with Microaspiration and Heightened Human Alveolar Macrophage Responsiveness to Bacterial Pathogens.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that nasal colonization with pneumococcus and microaspiration prime AM, leading to brisker responsiveness to both pneumococcus and unrelated bacterial pathogens. The relative abundance of AM in the alveolar spaces, alongside with their potential for non-specific protection, render them an attractive target for novel vaccines. Clinical trial registration available at http://www.isrctn.com, ID: ISRCTN16993271. PMID: 31626559 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - October 17, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mitsi E, Carniel B, Reiné J, Rylance J, Zaidi S, Soares-Schanoski A, Connor V, Collins AM, Schlitzer A, Nikolaou E, Solórzano C, Pojar S, Hill H, Hyder-Wright AD, Jambo KC, Oggioni MR, De Ste Croix M, Gordon SB, Jochems SP, Ferreira DM Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Pneumococcal (Pneumonia) Vaccines.
PMID: 32356685 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - April 30, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Shah P, Woytanowski JR, Hadeh A, Sockrider M Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Live-attenuated Vaccines Prevent Respiratory Syncytial Virus-associated Illness in Young Children.
CONCLUSIONS: Rapid development of a live-attenuated RSV vaccine could contribute substantially to reducing the global burden of RSV disease. PMID: 32871092 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 31, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Karron RA, Atwell JE, McFarland EJ, Cunningham CK, Muresan P, Perlowski C, Libous J, Spector SA, Yogev R, Aziz M, Woods S, Wanionek K, Collins PL, Buchholz UJ Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Colonisation in Older Adults is Feasible and Safe, Not Immunogenic.
CONCLUSIONS: In older adults, experimental pneumococcal colonisation is feasible and safe, but demonstrates different immunological outcomes compared with younger adults in previous studies. PMID: 32941735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 16, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Adler H, German EL, Mitsi E, Nikolaou E, Pojar S, Hales C, Robinson R, Connor V, Hill H, Hyder-Wright AD, Lazarova L, Lowe C, Smith EL, Wheeler I, Zaidi SR, Jochems SP, Loukov D, Reiné J, Solórzano-Gonzalez C, de Gorguette d'Argoeuves P, Jones T, Goldbl Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Live-attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines: Time for the Next Step.
PMID: 32986467 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - September 27, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Billard MN, Bont LJ Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

How Vaccines Work To Prevent Infections.
PMID: 33565920 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - February 10, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sockrider M, Krishnan JA Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Fight Against COVID-19 Aided by Sepsis Researchers
Spike proteins on the surface of a coronavirus. Credit: David Veesler, University of Washington. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers from many areas of biomedical science have worked together to learn how this new disease affects the human body, how to prevent its spread, and how to treat it. Severe cases of COVID-19 and cases of sepsis share many symptoms. Sepsis is the body’s overactive and extreme response to an infection. It’s unpredictable and can progress rapidly. Without prompt treatment, it can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. Sepsis has similarities with some cases of COVI...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - January 13, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Being a Scientist Injury and Illness COVID-19 Infectious Diseases Research Roundup Scientific Process Sepsis Source Type: blogs

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and critically ill children
Purpose of review Amidst an ongoing pandemic, the delineation of the pediatric consequence of infection from the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) virus is emerging. This review summarizes available pediatric data and covers the aspects of epidemiology, critical illness with acute infection [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)], the discovered multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and management options. Recent findings The available data from the source of the initial viral transmission and then through Europe, Africa, and the Western Hemisphere identifies important as...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE: Edited by Jean E. Klig and Clifford W. Bogue Source Type: research

The Future of Emergency Medicine: 6 Technologies That Make Patients The Point-of-Care
Car crashes, home injuries, fires, natural disasters: every minute – if not every second – spent without treatment in such cases of medical emergencies and high-risk patients could reduce the chance of survival or proper recovery. In fact, when deprived of oxygen, permanent brain damage begins after only 4 minutes, while death can occur as soon as 4-6 minutes later. In this race against time, digital health technologies that turn patients into the point-of-care could prove to be game-changers for first responders and emergency units.  From driverless cars through medical drones to artificial intelligence (...
Source: The Medical Futurist - September 29, 2020 Category: Information Technology Authors: berci.mesko Tags: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Future of Medicine Healthcare Design Healthcare Policy Portable Medical Diagnostics Robotics Telemedicine & Smartphones digital health Health 2.0 Innovation technology emergency emergency medicin Source Type: blogs