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Total 61743 results found since Jan 2013.

Sniff-synchronized, gradient-guided olfactory search by freely-moving mice
For many organisms, searching for relevant targets such as food or mates entails active, strategic sampling of the environment. Finding odorous targets may be the most ancient search problem that motile organisms evolved to solve. While chemosensory navigation has been well characterized in micro-organisms and invertebrates, spatial olfaction in vertebrates is poorly understood. We have established an olfactory search assay in which freely-moving mice navigate noisy concentration gradients of airborne odor. Mice solve this task using concentration gradient cues and do not require stereo olfaction for performance. During ta...
Source: eLife - May 4, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Neuroscience Source Type: research

An evaluation of the readability and visual appearance of online patient resources for fibroadenoma
by Hayley Anne Hutchings, Anagha Remesh IntroductionFibroadenomas are benign lesions found in the breast tissue. Widespread access to and use of the internet has resulted in more individuals using online resources to better understand health conditions, their prognosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the readability and visual appearance of online patient resources for fibroadenoma. MethodsWe searched GoogleTM, BingTM and YahooTM on 6 July 2022 using the search terms “fibroadenoma”, “breast lumps”, “non-cancerous breast lumps”, “benign breast lumps” and “benign breast lesions” to...
Source: PLoS One - November 18, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hayley Anne Hutchings Source Type: research

RecA filament sliding on DNA facilitates homology search
We present evidence in support of the ‘sliding model’ wherein a RecA filament diffuses along a dsDNA track. We further show that homology can be detected during sliding. Sliding occurs with a diffusion coefficient of approximately 8000 bp2/s allowing the filament to sample several hundred base pairs before dissociation. Modeling suggests that sliding can accelerate homology search by as much as 200 fold. Homology recognition can occur for as few as 6 nt of complementary basepairs with the recognition efficiency increasing for higher complementarity. Our data represents the first example of a DNA bound multi-pro...
Source: eLife - January 1, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ragunathan, K., Liu, C., Ha, T. Tags: Biophysics and structural biology Source Type: research

Gene selection using pyramid gravitational search algorithm
by Amirhossein Tahmouresi, Esmat Rashedi, Mohammad Mehdi Yaghoobi, Masoud Rezaei Genetics play a prominent role in the development and progression of malignant neoplasms. Identification of the relevant genes is a high-dimensional data processing problem. Pyramid gravitational search algorithm (PGSA), a hybrid method in which the number of genes is cyclically reduced is propose d to conquer the curse of dimensionality. PGSA consists of two elements, a filter and a wrapper method (inspired by the gravitational search algorithm) which iterates through cycles. The genes selected in each cycle are passed on to the subsequent c...
Source: PLoS One - March 15, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Amirhossein Tahmouresi Source Type: research

An improved beetle antennae search path planning algorithm for vehicles
by Qing Liang, Huike Zhou, Yafang Yin, Wei Xiong With the development of society, the application of mobile robots in industry and life is increasingly extensive, and the local path planning of mobile robots in unknown environments is a problem that needs to be solved. Aiming at the problem that the traditional beetle antennae search (BAS) algor ithm can easily fall into local optimum and the optimization accuracy is low, we propose an improved beetle antennae search. It introduces a map safety threshold, the addition of virtual target points, and the smoothing of the path. Map safety threshold means extra space with obst...
Source: PLoS One - September 15, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Qing Liang Source Type: research

Single-molecule tracking in live cells reveals distinct target-search strategies of transcription factors in the nucleus
Gene regulation relies on transcription factors (TFs) exploring the nucleus searching their targets. So far, most studies have focused on how fast TFs diffuse, underestimating the role of nuclear architecture. We implemented a single-molecule tracking assay to determine TFs dynamics. We found that c-Myc is a global explorer of the nucleus. In contrast, the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb is a local explorer that oversamples its environment. Consequently, each c-Myc molecule is equally available for all nuclear sites while P-TEFb reaches its targets in a position-dependent manner. Our observations are consis...
Source: eLife - July 15, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Izeddin, I., Recamier, V., Bosanac, L., Cisse, I. I., Boudarene, L., Dugast-Darzacq, C., Proux, F., Benichou, O., Voituriez, R., Bensaude, O., Dahan, M., Darzacq, X. Tags: Cell biology Source Type: research

Tissue is an issue in the search for biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Biological markers, i.e., biomarkers, in lung tissue may make it possible to connect cell biological phenomena to the pathogenetic mechanisms in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This review focuses on the lung tissue biomarkers, which have been compared with relevant clinical endpoints or with the most common differential diagnostic lung diseases. In addition, studies conducted on lung tissue samples and investigated by transcriptomic or proteomic methodologies have been included. Several studies have observed changes in alveolar epithelium and extracellular matrix supporting the current hypotheses of the pathogenesis ...
Source: Fibrogenesis and Tissue Repair - March 2, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Riitta KaarteenahoElisa Lappi-Blanco Source Type: research

Fuzzy system with tabu search learning for classification of motor imagery data
Publication date: July 2015 Source:Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Volume 20 Author(s): Thanh Nguyen , Abbas Khosravi , Douglas Creighton , Saeid Nahavandi This paper introduces an approach to classify EEG signals using wavelet transform and a fuzzy standard additive model (FSAM) with tabu search learning mechanism. Wavelet coefficients are ranked based on statistics of the Wilcoxon test. The most informative coefficients are assembled to form a feature set that serves as inputs to the tabu-FSAM. Two benchmark datasets, named Ia and Ib, downloaded from the brain-computer interface (BCI) competition II are emplo...
Source: Biomedical Signal Processing and Control - May 22, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

The search for novel analgesics: targets and mechanisms.
Authors: Yaksh TL, Woller SA, Ramachandran R, Sorkin LS Abstract The management of the pain state is of great therapeutic relevance to virtually every medical specialty. Failure to manage its expression has deleterious consequence to the well-being of the organism. An understanding of the complex biology of the mechanisms underlying the processing of nociceptive information provides an important pathway towards development of novel and robust therapeutics. Importantly, preclinical models have been of considerable use in determining the linkage between mechanism and the associated behaviorally defined pain state. Th...
Source: F1000 Medicine Reports - June 23, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: F1000Prime Rep Source Type: research

In search of principles for a Theory of Organisms.
Abstract Lacking an operational theory to explain the organization and behaviour of matter in unicellular and multicellular organisms hinders progress in biology. Such a theory should address life cycles from ontogenesis to death. This theory would complement the theory of evolution that addresses phylogenesis, and would posit theoretical extensions to accepted physical principles and default states in order to grasp the living state of matter and define proper biological observables. Thus, we favour adopting the default state implicit in Darwin's theory, namely, cell proliferation with variation plus motility, an...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - December 1, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Longo G, Montevil M, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM Tags: J Biosci Source Type: research

Suppositional area for the search of bacterial products for anticancer therapy
It is well-known that bacteria can produce compounds which show anticancer effects. In present time, it is impossible to check all bacterial species on their possible production of anticancer compounds (AC) under different conditions. Thus, it is necessary to limit the area for search of bacterial products for the anticancer therapy. We propose that production of AC by bacteria is a part of microbial biological strategy under natural conditions. We propose that bacteria in soils, in water and on plants do not meet human tumors and their AC serve for the competition with eukaryotic organisms.
Source: Medical Hypotheses - April 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: T. Abashina, K. Laurinavichius, M. Vainshtein Source Type: research

Real-time imaging of Huntingtin aggregates diverting target search and gene transcription
The presumptive altered dynamics of transient molecular interactions in vivo contributing to neurodegenerative diseases have remained elusive. Here, using single-molecule localization microscopy, we show that disease-inducing Huntingtin (mHtt) protein fragments display three distinct dynamic states in living cells – 1) fast diffusion, 2) dynamic clustering and 3) stable aggregation. Large, stable aggregates of mHtt exclude chromatin and form ' sticky ' decoy traps that impede target search processes of key regulators involved in neurological disorders. Functional domain mapping based on super-resolution imaging reveals a...
Source: eLife - August 3, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Biophysics and Structural Biology chromatin Genes and Chromosomes huntingtin aggregates Mouse transcription factors Source Type: research

Automatic channel selection in EEG signals for classification of left or right hand movement in Brain Computer Interfaces using improved binary gravitation search algorithm
Publication date: March 2017 Source:Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Volume 33 Author(s): Alireza Ghaemi, Esmat Rashedi, Ali Mohammad Pourrahimi, Mehdi Kamandar, Farhad Rahdari This paper presents an automatic method for finding optimal channels in Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs). Detecting the effective channels in BCI systems is an important problem in reducing the complexity of these systems. In this research, Improved Binary Gravitation Search Algorithm (IBGSA) is used to automatically detect the effective electroencephalography (EEG) channels in left or right hand classification. To do this, at first, data ...
Source: Biomedical Signal Processing and Control - November 30, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Amino Acid Profiles of Serum and Urine in Search for Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: a Pilot Study.
Authors: Dereziński P, Klupczynska A, Sawicki W, Pałka JA, Kokot ZJ Abstract There is a great interest in searching for diagnostic biomarkers in prostate cancer patients. The aim of the pilot study was to evaluate free amino acid profiles in their serum and urine. The presented paper shows the first comprehensive analysis of a wide panel of amino acids in two different physiological fluids obtained from the same groups of prostate cancer patients (n = 49) and healthy men (n = 40). The potential of free amino acids, both proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic, as prostate cancer biomarkers and their utility in classi...
Source: International Journal of Medical Sciences - February 1, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Int J Med Sci Source Type: research

Incidence and risk factors for post-penetrating keratoplasty glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionsThe overall pooled incidence of PKKG was 21.5%, but it varied according to the criteria used to define the presence of PPKG. Strong risk factors for PKKG included preexisting glaucoma and aphakia, while modest predictors included pseudophakia, regrafting, and preoperative diagnosis like BK and trauma. There may not be sufficient evidence to identify a significant association between a triple procedure and PKKG.
Source: PLoS One - April 21, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Suqian Wu Source Type: research