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Total 149 results found since Jan 2013.
Emergence of Marburg virus: a global perspective on fatal outbreaks and clinical challenges
The Marburg virus (MV), identified in 1967, has caused deadly outbreaks worldwide, the mortality rate of Marburg virus disease (MVD) varies depending on the outbreak and virus strain, but the average case fatality rate is around 50%. However, case fatality rates have varied from 24 to 88% in past outbreaks depending on virus strain and case management. Designated a priority pathogen by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), MV induces hemorrhagic fever, organ failure, and coagulation issues in both humans and non-human primates. This review presents an extensive exploration of MVD outbreak evolu...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - September 13, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Induced protection from a CCHFV-M DNA vaccine requires CD8 < sup > + < /sup > T cells
Virus Res. 2023 Jul 15:199173. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199173. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a World Health Organization prioritized disease because its broad distribution and severity of disease make it a global health threat. Despite advancements in preclinical vaccine development for CCHF virus (CCHFV), including multiple platforms targeting multiple antigens, a clear definition of the adaptive immune correlates of protection is lacking. Levels of neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated animal models do not necessarily correlate with protection, suggesting that cellular immun...
Source: Virus Research - July 17, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Joseph W Golden Collin J Fitzpatrick John J Suschak Tamara L Clements Keersten M Ricks Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart Aura R Garrison Source Type: research
Addressing practical issues in the smooth implementation of revised guidelines for non-clinical studies of vaccines for infectious disease prevention
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 May 23:105413. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105413. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHerein, we investigated possible practical issues for the smooth implementation of the revised Japanese Guidelines for Non-clinical Studies of Vaccines for the Prevention of Infectious Diseases, which were raised in response to public comments on the proposed guideline revision and a gap analysis of the World Health Organization and European Medicines Agency guidelines. We identified main issues such as the non-clinical safety studies of adjuvants and evaluation of local cumulative tolerance in toxicity studies. The...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - May 25, 2023 Category: Toxicology Authors: Atsuko Okumoto Yumiko Nomura Kazushige Maki Takashi Ogawa Hiroshi Onodera Mayumi Shikano Nobuhiko Okabe Source Type: research
Future Trajectory of SARS-CoV-2: Constant Spillover Back and Forth between Humans and Animals
Virus Res. 2023 Feb 16:199075. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199075. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is causing a massive global public health dilemma. In particular, the outbreak of the Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in several countries has aroused the great attention of the World Health Organization (WHO). As of February 1st, 2023, the WHO had counted 671,016,135 confirmed cases and 6,835,595 deaths worldwide. Despite effective vaccines and drug treatments, there is currently no way to completely and directly eliminate SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, frequent case...
Source: Virus Research - February 22, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Xinhua Cui Yang Wang Jingbo Zhai Mengzhou Xue Chunfu Zheng Lu Yu Source Type: research
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19
CONCLUSIONS: We included data from five RCTs that evaluated hIVIG compared to standard therapy, with participants with moderate-to-severe disease. As the studies evaluated different preparations (from humans or from various animals) and doses, we could not pool them. hIVIG prepared from humans may have little to no impact on mortality, and clinical improvement and worsening. hIVIG may increase grade 3-4 adverse events. Studies did not evaluate quality of life. RBD-specific polyclonal F(ab´)2 fragments of equine antibodies may reduce mortality and serious adverse events, and may reduce clinical worsening. However, the stud...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 26, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Catherine Kimber Sarah J Valk Khai Li Chai Vanessa Piechotta Claire Iannizzi Ina Monsef Erica M Wood Abigail A Lamikanra David J Roberts Zoe McQuilten Cynthia So-Osman Lise J Estcourt Nicole Skoetz Source Type: research
Epidemiology of Human Mpox - Worldwide, 2018-2021
This report describes the epidemiology of mpox since 1970 and during 2018-2021, using data from national surveillance programs, World Health Organization (WHO) bulletins, and case reports, and addresses current diagnostic and treatment challenges in countries with endemic disease. During 2018-2021, human cases were recognized and confirmed in six African countries, with most detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Nigeria. The reemergence and increase in cases resulted in its being listed in 2019 as a priority disease for immediate and routine reporting through the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Res...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - January 19, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Andrea M McCollum Victoria Shelus Alexandra Hill Tieble Traore Bernard Onoja Yoshinori Nakazawa Jeffrey B Doty Adesola Yinka-Ogunleye Brett W Petersen Christina L Hutson Rosamund Lewis Source Type: research
