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Total 32899 results found since Jan 2013.

A systematic review and quantitative analysis of neurocognitive outcomes in children with four chronic illnesses
ConclusionsOverall, the results suggest that the burden of chronic childhood illness, by itself, does not impair cognitive development in children with hemophilia A and CF. Children with ESRD and ESLD, despite optimal management, show a mild cognitive deficit compared with the population norm. Given the impact of these four specific chronic illnesses on neurocognitive outcome in children and the improvement in IQ post‐transplant in both ESRD and ESLD, the results suggest that the effect of an uncontrolled confounding illness on neurocognitive development is small.
Source: Pediatric Anesthesia - September 3, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Joanna J. Moser, Pamela M. Veale, Debbie L. McAllister, David P. Archer Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for kidney transplant recipients.
CONCLUSIONS: Statins may reduce cardiovascular events in kidney transplant recipients, although treatment effects are imprecise. Statin treatment has uncertain effects on overall mortality, stroke, kidney function, and toxicity outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. Additional studies would improve our confidence in the treatment benefits and harms of statins on cardiovascular events in this clinical setting. PMID: 24470059 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 3, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Craig JC, Perkovic V, Johnson DW, Nigwekar SU, Hegbrant J, Strippoli GF Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Statins consistently lower death and major cardiovascular events by 20% in people with CKD not requiring dialysis. Statin-related effects on stroke and kidney function were found to be uncertain and adverse effects of treatment are incompletely understood. Statins have an important role in primary prevention of cardiovascular events and mortality in people who have CKD. PMID: 24880031 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 3, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Craig JC, Johnson DW, Perkovic V, Hegbrant J, Strippoli GF Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Frequency of administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for the anaemia of end-stage kidney disease in dialysis patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Longer-acting ESA (darbepoetin and CERA) administered at one to four week intervals are non-inferior to rHuEPO given one to three times/week in terms of achieving haemoglobin targets without any significant differences in adverse events in haemodialysis patients. Additional RCTs are required to evaluate different frequencies of ESA in peritoneal and paediatric dialysis patients and to compare different longer-acting ESA (such as darbepoetin compared with CERA). PMID: 24872328 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 3, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hahn D, Cody JD, Hodson EM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for rhabdomyolysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Although CRRT may provide some benefits for people with rhabdomyolysis, the poor methodological quality of the included studies and lack of data relating to clinically important outcomes limited our findings about the effectiveness of CRRT for people with rhabdomyolysis.There was insufficient evidence to discern any likely benefits of CRRT over conventional therapy for people with rhabdomyolysis and prevention of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. PMID: 24929959 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 15, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Zeng X, Zhang L, Wu T, Fu P Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Early referral to specialist nephrology services for preventing the progression to end-stage kidney disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis showed reduced mortality and mortality and hospitalisation, better uptake of peritoneal dialysis and earlier placement of arteriovenous fistulae for patients with chronic kidney disease who were referred early to a nephrologist. Differences in mortality and hospitalisation data between the two groups were not explained by differences in prevalence of comorbid disease or serum phosphate. However, early referral was associated with better preparation and placement of dialysis access. PMID: 24938824 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 18, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Smart NA, Dieberg G, Ladhani M, Titus T Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preserving residual kidney function in peritoneal dialysis patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other antihypertensive drugs, long-term use (≥ 12 months) of ACEis or ARBs showed additional benefits of preserving residual kidney function in CAPD patients. There was no significant difference on residual kidney function preservation between ARBs and ACEis. However, limited by the small number of RCTs enrolling small number of participants, there is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of an ACEi or an ARB as first line antihypertensive therapy in PD patients. PMID: 24953826 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 23, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Zhang L, Zeng X, Fu P, Wu HM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

An institutional series and contemporary review of bacterial spinal epidural abscess: current status and future directions.
Conclusions Bacterial SEA is an ominous condition that calls for early recognition. Neurological status at the time of presentation is a key factor in decision making and patient outcome. In recent years, surgical treatment has been advocated for patients with neurological deficits and failed response to medical therapy. Surgery should be performed immediately and before 36-72 hours from onset of neurological sequelae. However, the decision between medical or surgical intervention entails individual patient considerations including age, concurrent conditions, and objective findings. An evidence-based algorithm for diagnosi...
Source: Neurosurgical Focus - August 1, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Shweikeh F, Saeed K, Bukavina L, Zyck S, Drazin D, Steinmetz MP Tags: Neurosurg Focus Source Type: research

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most frequent cause of death in people with early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for whom the absolute risk of cardiovascular events is similar to people who have existing coronary artery disease. This is an update of a review published in 2009, and includes evidence from 27 new studies (25,068 participants) in addition to the 26 studies (20,324 participants) assessed previously; and excludes three previously included studies (107 participants). This updated review includes 50 studies (45,285 participants); of these 38 (37,274 participants) were met...
Source: Sao Paulo Medical Journal - September 4, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Craig JC, Johnson DD, Perkovic V, Hegbrant J, Strippoli GF Tags: Sao Paulo Med J Source Type: research

Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Although Astragalus as an adjunctive treatment to conventional therapies was found to offer some promising effects in reducing proteinuria and increasing haemoglobin and serum albumin, suboptimal methodological quality and poor reporting meant that definitive conclusions could not be made based on available evidence. PMID: 25335553 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 22, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Zhang HW, Lin ZX, Xu C, Leung C, Chan LS Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Belatacept for kidney transplant recipients.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of any difference in the effectiveness of belatacept and CNI in preventing acute rejection, graft loss and death, but treatment with belatacept is associated with less chronic kidney scarring and better kidney transplant function. Treatment with belatacept is also associated with better blood pressure and lipid profile and a lower incidence of diabetes versus treatment with a CNI. Important side effects (particularly PTLD) remain poorly reported and so the relative benefits and harms of using belatacept remain unclear. Whether short-term advantages of treatment with belatacept are maintain...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 24, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Masson P, Henderson L, Chapman JR, Craig JC, Webster AC Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Cordyceps sinensis (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that Cordyceps preparation, as an adjuvant therapy to conventional medicine, showed potential promise to decrease serum creatinine, increase creatine clearance, reduce proteinuria and alleviate CKD-associated complications, such as increased haemoglobin and serum albumin. However, definitive conclusions could not be made because of the low quality of evidence. PMID: 25519252 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 18, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Zhang HW, Lin ZX, Tung YS, Kwan TH, Mok CK, Leung C, Chan LS Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Bicarbonate- versus lactate-buffered solutions for acute continuous haemodiafiltration or haemofiltration.
CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant different between bicarbonate- and lactate-buffered solutions for mortality, serum bicarbonate levels, serum creatinine, serum base excess, serum pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure, central venous pressure and serum electrolytes. Patients treated with bicarbonate-buffered solutions may experience fewer cardiovascular events, lower serum lactate levels, higher mean arterial pressure and less hypotensive events. With the exception of mortality, we were not able to assess the main primary outcomes of this review - length of time in ICU, total length of hospital stay and relapse. PM...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 5, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Tian JH, Ma B, Yang K, Liu Y, Tan J, Liu TX Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Arteriovenous graft configuration in hemodialysis: does it matter?
CONCLUSIONS: The available literature is mixed regarding the effect of configuration on AVG outcomes. Current studies illustrate the effect may be limited and that larger randomized controlled trials are necessary to draw firm conclusions. Regardless, adequate inflow and an appropriately sized outflow vein are paramount for optimal graft performance. PMID: 25751557 [PubMed - in process]
Source: The Journal of Vascular Access - March 11, 2015 Category: Surgery Tags: J Vasc Access Source Type: research

Haemodiafiltration, haemofiltration and haemodialysis for end-stage kidney disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Convective dialysis may reduce cardiovascular but not all-cause mortality and effects on nonfatal cardiovascular events and hospitalisation are inconclusive. However, any treatment benefits of convective dialysis on all patient outcomes including cardiovascular death are unreliable due to limitations in study methods and reporting. Future studies which assess treatment effects of convection dose on patient outcomes including mortality and cardiovascular events would be informative. PMID: 25993563 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 20, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Nistor I, Palmer SC, Craig JC, Saglimbene V, Vecchio M, Covic A, Strippoli GF Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research