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Infectious Disease: Endemics

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Total 24836 results found since Jan 2013.

Tropical diseases and anaesthesia
Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019Source: Anaesthesia & Intensive Care MedicineAuthor(s): Victoria Howell, Tom BashfordAbstractThe range of infectious diseases encountered while working overseas in resource limited settings varies enormously depending on where in the world one is working, although the majority of low and middle income countries lie within the tropics. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB) and malaria are commonly encountered when working in tropical countries and may have an impact upon anaesthesia, either as a direct result of the condition or due to interaction with the dru...
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - August 21, 2019 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Colonization in Intensive Care Units.
Authors: Kim YA, Park YS, Kim B, Seo YH, Lee K Abstract Active surveillance culture (ASC) can help detect hidden reservoirs, but the routine use of ASC for extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is controversial in an endemic situation. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (EBSL-Kpn) colonization among intensive care unit (ICU)-admitted patients. Prospective screening of ESBL-Kpn colonization was performed for ICU-admitted patients within 48 hours for two months. A perirectal swab sample was inoculated on MacConk...
Source: Annals of Laboratory Medicine - October 29, 2019 Category: Laboratory Medicine Tags: Ann Lab Med Source Type: research

The Characteristics and Clinical Course of Patients with Scrub Typhus and Queensland Tick Typhus Infection Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission: A 23-year Case Series from Queensland, Tropical Australia.
Abstract Scrub typhus and Queensland tick typhus (QTT)-rickettsial infections endemic to tropical Australia-can cause life-threatening disease. This retrospective study examined the clinical course of all patients with laboratory-confirmed scrub typhus or QTT admitted to the ICU of a tertiary referral hospital in tropical Australia between 1997 and 2019. Among 22 patients, 13 had scrub typhus and nine had QTT. The patients' median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 50 (38-67) years; 14/22 patients (64%) had no comorbidity. Patients presented a median (IQR) of seven (5-10) days after symptom onset. Median (IQR) Ac...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 20, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bagshaw RJ, Stewart AGA, Smith S, Carter AW, Hanson J Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Chagas Disease Screening Using Point-of-Care Testing in an At-Risk Obstetric Population.
Abstract Congenital transmission is the most important mode of transmission of Chagas disease (CD) in non-endemic countries. Identifying CD in reproductive-aged women is essential to reduce the risk of transmitting the disease to their children and offer treatment to women and their children, which could cure the disease. We evaluated the use of point-of-care (POC) testing for CD in postpartum patients. In our patient population, 16.7% (23/138) tested positive by POC testing, but confirmatory testing was negative for all patients. Among those considered high risk, 30% declined participation. Our results suggest li...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - December 21, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Zamora LE, Palacio F, Kozlowski DS, Doraivelu K, Dude CM, Jamieson DJ, Haddad LB Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Specificity of the Point-of-Care Urine Strip Test for Schistosoma Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) Tested in Non-Endemic Pregnant Women and Young Children.
Abstract The point-of-care urine based strip test for the detection of circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) in schistosome infections is a frequently used tool for diagnosis and mapping of Schistosoma mansoni in school-aged children. Because of its ease of use, the test is increasingly applied to adults and preschool-aged children (PSAC), but its performance has not been specifically evaluated in these target groups. Recent observations have raised concerns about possible reduced specificity, in particular in pregnant women (PW) and PSAC. We thus explored specificity of the POC-CCA urine strip test (Rapid Medica...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - February 1, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Casacuberta-Partal M, Beenakker M, de Dood C, Hoekstra P, Kroon L, Kornelis D, Corstjens P, Hokke CH, van Dam G, Roestenberg M, van Lieshout L Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Research Articles Ultrasensitive point-of-care immunoassay for secreted glycoprotein detects Ebola infection earlier than PCR
Ebola virus (EBOV) hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have been challenging to deter due to the lack of health care infrastructure in disease-endemic countries and a corresponding inability to diagnose and contain the disease at an early stage. EBOV vaccines and therapies have improved disease outcomes, but the advent of an affordable, easily accessed, mass-produced rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that matches the performance of more resource-intensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays would be invaluable in containing future outbreaks. Here, we developed and demonstrated the performance of a new ultrasensitive point-of-care imm...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - April 7, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Fontes, C. M., Lipes, B. D., Liu, J., Agans, K. N., Yan, A., Shi, P., Cruz, D. F., Kelly, G., Luginbuhl, K. M., Joh, D. Y., Foster, S. L., Heggestad, J., Hucknall, A., Mikkelsen, M. H., Pieper, C. F., Horstmeyer, R. W., Geisbert, T. W., Gunn, M. D., Chilk Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Scrub typhus in a primary health care center of Nepal: A case series
CONCLUSION: We conclude that when a patient presents with fever and eschar, there should be a high index of suspicion for scrub typhus, though eschar may not be present in many of the cases. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antibiotics is the key as the disease entity shows a good response to treatment while preventing potentially fatal complications.PMID:35386785 | PMC:PMC8978104 | DOI:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103490
Source: Annals of Medicine - April 7, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Shekhar Gurung Saurab Karki Subashchandra Pokharel Kishor Bhatta Source Type: research

Performance of BinaxNOW G6PD Deficiency Point-of-Care Diagnostic in P. vivax-Infected Subjects.
Abstract Accurate diagnosis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is required to avoid the risk of acute hemolysis associated with 8-aminoquinoline treatment. The performance of the BinaxNOW G6PD test compared with the quantitative spectrophotometric analysis of G6PD activity was assessed in 356 Plasmodium vivax-infected subjects in Brazil, Peru, Thailand, and India. In the quantitative assay, the median G6PD activity was 8.81 U/g hemoglobin (range = 0.05-20.19), with 11 (3%) subjects identified as deficient. Sensitivity of the BinaxNOW G6PD to detect deficient subjects was 54.5% (6 of 11), and sp...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - November 10, 2014 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Osorio L, Carter N, Arthur P, Bancone G, Gopalan S, Gupta SK, Noedl H, Kochar SK, Kochar DK, Krudsood S, Lacerda MV, Llanos-Cuentas A, Rueangweerayut R, Srinivasan R, Treiber M, Möhrle JJ, Green J Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Heart failure in sub‐Saharan Africa: review of the aetiology of heart failure and the role of point‐of‐care biomarker diagnostics
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - January 17, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Nadezhda Glezeva, Joe Gallagher, Mark Ledwidge, John O'Donoghue, Kenneth McDonald, John Chipolombwe, Chris Watson Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Clinical Assessment of a Point‐of‐Care Serum Amyloid A Assay in Foals with Bronchopneumonia
Conclusion and clinical importanceOverall, SAA concentrations are significantly higher in pneumonic than in healthy foals. However, performance of SAA in detecting pneumonic foals is limited by the high proportion of false‐positive and false‐negative results.
Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S. Giguère, L.J. Berghaus, C.D. Miller Tags: Standard Article Source Type: research

Clinical Assessment of a Point ‐of‐Care Serum Amyloid A Assay in Foals with Bronchopneumonia
Conclusion and clinical importanceOverall, SAA concentrations are significantly higher in pneumonic than in healthy foals. However, performance of SAA in detecting pneumonic foals is limited by the high proportion of false‐positive and false‐negative results.
Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - June 13, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S. Gigu ère, L.J. Berghaus, C.D. Miller Tags: Standard Article Source Type: research

Patterns of infections, aetiological agents, and antimicrobial resistance at a tertiary care hospital in northern Tanzania
ConclusionThe study has revealed a wide range of causative agents, with an alarming rate of resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the bacterial spectrum differs from those often observed in high‐income countries. This highlights the imperative of regular generation of data on aetiological agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns especially in infectious disease endemic settings. The key steps would be to ensure the diagnostic capacity at a sufficient number of sites and implement structures to routinely exchange, compare, analyse and report data. Sentinel sites (hospitals) acros...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - January 9, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Happiness Houka Kumburu, Tolbert Sonda, Blandina Theophil Mmbaga, Michael Alifrangis, Ole Lund, Gibson Kibiki, Frank M. Aarestrup Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Patterns of infections, aetiological agents and antimicrobial resistance at a tertiary care hospital in northern Tanzania
ConclusionThe study has revealed a wide range of causative agents, with an alarming rate of resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the bacterial spectrum differs from those often observed in high‐income countries. This highlights the imperative of regular generation of data on aetiological agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns especially in infectious disease endemic settings. The key steps would be to ensure the diagnostic capacity at a sufficient number of sites and implement structures to routinely exchange, compare, analyse and report data. Sentinel sites (hospitals) acros...
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - February 2, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Happiness Houka Kumburu, Tolbert Sonda, Blandina Theophil Mmbaga, Michael Alifrangis, Ole Lund, Gibson Kibiki, Frank M. Aarestrup Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Amphotericin B for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Children and Adolescents at a Tertiary Care Center in Bihar, India.
Abstract Liposomal amphotericin B is being used increasingly to reduce the burden of kala-azar from the Indian subcontinent. There are studies which have evaluated efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis in all age groups. However, the only study that specifically addressed treatment of childhood visceral leishmaniasis did not include all ages or document renal and liver function. We, therefore, felt it was important to reassess the efficacy and safety of single dose liposomal amphotericin B in children and adolescents. A total of 100 parasitologically confirmed visceral leishman...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - September 5, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Pandey K, Pal B, Siddiqui NA, Rabi Das VN, Murti K, Lal CS, Verma N, Babu R, Ali V, Kumar R, Das P Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Challenges in Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria in a Low-Resource Country at Tertiary Care in Eastern Nepal: A Comparative Study of Conventional vs. Molecular Methodologies
J Trop Med. 2021 Dec 28;2021:3811318. doi: 10.1155/2021/3811318. eCollection 2021.ABSTRACTFor ongoing malaria elimination programmes, available methods such as microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) cannot detect all malaria cases in acute febrile illness. These methods are entirely dependent on the course of infection, parasite load, and skilled technical resources. Our study objectives were to estimate the performance of light microscopy and a RDT as well as real-time PCR for the detection of the Plasmodium parasite. Altogether, 52 blood samples collected from patients with acute febrile illness were tested by micr...
Source: Journal of Tropical Medicine - January 7, 2022 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Pragyan Dahal Basudha Khanal Keshav Rai Vivek Kattel Satish Yadav Narayan Raj Bhattarai Source Type: research