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A Standardized Approach to the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Its Implications for Clinical Trials
Conclusions. Training with the current method improved accuracy, and reduced variance, of FMA scoring; the 20% FMA variance reduction with training would decrease sample size requirements from 137 to 88 in a theoretical trial aiming to detect a 7-point FMA difference. Minimal detectable change was much smaller than FMA minimal clinically important difference. The variation in FMA gains in relation to baseline FMA suggests that future trials consider a sliding outcome approach when FMA is an outcome measure. The current training approach may be useful for assessing motor outcomes in restorative stroke trials.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 18, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: See, J., Dodakian, L., Chou, C., Chan, V., McKenzie, A., Reinkensmeyer, D. J., Cramer, S. C. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Effect of Anodal Versus Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Stroke Rehabilitation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusion. A brief course of 2 types of tDCS stimulation is superior to sham stimulation in enhancing the effect of rehabilitation training to improve motor recovery after stroke.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - July 26, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Khedr, E. M., Shawky, O. A., El-Hammady, D. H., Rothwell, J. C., Darwish, E. S., Mostafa, O. M., Tohamy, A. M. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Transfer of Training Between Distinct Motor Tasks After Stroke: Implications for Task-Specific Approaches to Upper-Extremity Neurorehabilitation
Conclusions. Because the number and type of tasks that can be practiced are often limited within standard stroke rehabilitation, results from this study will be useful for designing task-specific training plans to maximize therapy benefits.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - July 26, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Schaefer, S. Y., Patterson, C. B., Lang, C. E. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Neuroscience Findings on Coordination of Reaching to Grasp an Object: Implications for Research
Conclusions. Research on treatment interventions for coordination of RTG needs to combine measures of interruption to brain networks and how remaining intact neural tissue and networks respond to therapy with measures of spatiotemporal motor control and upper-limb function to gain a fuller understanding of treatment effects and their mechanisms.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - July 26, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: van Vliet, P., Pelton, T. A., Hollands, K. L., Carey, L., Wing, A. M. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Dual Effects of Body-Weight Supported Treadmill Training on Cardiovascular Fitness and Walking Ability Early After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusions. BWSTT elicits greater improvements in cardiovascular fitness and walking endurance than UC in the subacute poststroke period. These gains are largely sustained for 1 year.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - July 26, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: MacKay-Lyons, M., McDonald, A., Matheson, J., Eskes, G., Klus, M.-A. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Home-Based Nerve Stimulation to Enhance Effects of Motor Training in Patients in the Chronic Phase After Stroke: A Proof-of-Principle Study
Conclusions. Home-based active RPSS associated with motor training was feasible, was safe, and led to long-lasting enhancement of paretic arm performance in the chronic phase after stroke for those who can perform the JTT. These results point to the need for an efficacy trial.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - June 5, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: dos Santos-Fontes, R. L., Ferreiro de Andrade, K. N., Sterr, A., Conforto, A. B. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Restorative therapies to enhance sensorimotor recovery following cerebral ischemia.
Abstract The development of therapies that aim to facilitate functional recovery has identified potential approaches in stroke research. The main advantage of restorative therapies is their delayed administration after acute necrotic cell death, when the treatment can be combined with intensive rehabilitation and medication for poststroke complications to further enhance therapeutic benefit. Emerging understanding of brain repair and plasticity mechanisms after cerebral insults has revealed novel therapeutic targets including the promotion of axonal sprouting, altered perilesional GABA and glutamate receptor signa...
Source: Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis - May 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Ortega FJ, Jolkkonen J Tags: Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) Source Type: research

Brain rewires itself after damage or injury, life scientists discover
When the brain's primary "learning center" is damaged, complex new neural circuits arise to compensate for the lost function, say life scientists from UCLA and Australia who have pinpointed the regions of the brain involved in creating those alternate pathways — often far from the damaged site.   The research, conducted by UCLA's Michael Fanselow and Moriel Zelikowsky in collaboration with Bryce Vissel, a group leader of the neuroscience research program at Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research, appears this week in the early online edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - May 15, 2013 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

The Effects of an Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training Program on Cognition Following Stroke
Conclusion. A combined training model (AT+RT) resulted in improvements in cognitive function and a reduction in the proportion of patients meeting the threshold criteria for MCI. Change in cognition was positively associated with change in fat-free mass and ATge.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - May 2, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Marzolini, S., Oh, P., McIlroy, W., Brooks, D. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Repeated Split-Belt Treadmill Training Improves Poststroke Step Length Asymmetry
Conclusions. This study demonstrates that short-term adaptations can be capitalized on through repetitive practice and can lead to longer-term improvements in gait deficits poststroke. The error augmentation strategy, which promotes stride-by-stride adjustment to reduce asymmetry and results in improved asymmetry during overground walking practice, appears to be critical for obtaining the improvements observed.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - May 2, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Reisman, D. S., McLean, H., Keller, J., Danks, K. A., Bastian, A. J. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Benefits of a Repetitive Facilitative Exercise Program for the Upper Paretic Extremity After Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusions. These findings suggest that RFE may be more effective than conventional rehabilitation in lessening impairment and improving upper-limb motor function during the subacute phase of stroke.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - April 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Shimodozono, M., Noma, T., Nomoto, Y., Hisamatsu, N., Kamada, K., Miyata, R., Matsumoto, S., Ogata, A., Etoh, S., Basford, J. R., Kawahira, K. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Eccentric Versus Concentric Resistance Training to Enhance Neuromuscular Activation and Walking Speed Following Stroke
Conclusion. ECC resistance training was more effective for improving bilateral neuromuscular activation, strength, and walking speed following stroke. Future research should assess whether a longer duration ECC training program can provide further benefit.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - April 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Clark, D. J., Patten, C. Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Effects of Task-Specific and Impairment-Based Training Compared With Usual Care on Functional Walking Ability After Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: LEAPS Trial
Conclusions. Progressive PT, using either walking training on a treadmill and overground, conducted in a clinic, or strength and balance exercises conducted at home, was superior to UC in improving walking, regardless of severity of initial impairment.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - April 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Nadeau, S. E., Wu, S. S., Dobkin, B. H., Azen, S. P., Rose, D. K., Tilson, J. K., Cen, S. Y., Duncan, P. W., The LEAPS Investigative Team Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Motor Representations in the Intact Hemisphere of the Rat Are Reduced After Repetitive Training of the Impaired Forelimb
Conclusions. Repetitive training of the more-impaired forelimb during the postinfarct recovery period reduces the size of motor representations in the intact hemisphere.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - April 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Barbay, S., Guggenmos, D. J., Nishibe, M., Nudo, R. J. Tags: Basic Research Article Source Type: research

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