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Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study
We describe the prevalence, hazard ratios (HRs), and population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for cardiovascular disease and mortality associated with a cluster of behavioural factors (ie, tobacco use, alcohol, diet, physical activity, and sodium intake), metabolic factors (ie, lipids, blood pressure, diabetes, obesity), socioeconomic and psychosocial factors (ie, education, symptoms of depression), grip strength, and household and ambient pollution. Associations between risk factors and the outcomes were established using multivariable Cox frailty models and using PAFs for the entire cohort, and also by countries grouped ...
Source: The Lancet - September 3, 2019 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Community pharmacy interventions for health promotion: effects on professional practice and health outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Health-promotion interventions in the community pharmacy context probably improve pharmacy workers' behaviour and probably have a slight beneficial effect on health-related behaviour, intermediate clinical outcomes, and quality of life for pharmacy users. Such interventions are likely to be cost-effective and the effects are seen across a range of clinical conditions and health-related behaviours. Nevertheless the magnitude of the effects varies between conditions, and more effective interventions might be developed if greater consideration were given to the theoretical basis of the intervention and mechanisms...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 5, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Steed L, Sohanpal R, Todd A, Madurasinghe VW, Rivas C, Edwards EA, Summerbell CD, Taylor SJ, Walton RT Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Management of acute ischemic stroke
Source: BMJ Education - February 13, 2020 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Association of cardiovascular diseases with milk intake among general Chinese adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Daily milk intake was associated with lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality in a linear inverse relationship. The findings provide new evidence for dietary recommendations in CVD prevention among Chinese adults and people with similar dietary pattern in other countries. PMID: 32304403 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - April 14, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Wang XY, Liu FC, Yang XL, Li JX, Cao J, Lu XF, Huang JF, Li Y, Chen JC, Zhao LC, Shen C, Hu DS, Zhao YX, Yu L, Liu XQ, Wu XP, Gu DF Tags: Chin Med J (Engl) Source Type: research

Association between use of amiodarone for non-valvular atrial fibrillation and patient survival: from the prospective China Atrial Fibrillation Registry.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that amiodarone use was not significantly associated with a lower risk of 1-year all-cause mortality compared with a non-AAD strategy in "real-world" patients with NVAF. PMID: 33273373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - December 1, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Hou XX, He L, Du X, Wang GH, Dong JZ, Ma CS Tags: Chin Med J (Engl) Source Type: research

Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults
CONCLUSIONS: It is not clear whether interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour are effective at reducing sedentary time in community-dwelling older adults. We are uncertain if these interventions have any impact on the physical or mental health of community-dwelling older adults. There were few studies, and the certainty of the evidence is very low to low, mainly due to inconsistency in findings and imprecision. Future studies should consider interventions aimed at modifying the environment, policy, and social and cultural norms. Future studies should also use device-based measures of sedentary time, recruit larger sampl...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 25, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sebastien Chastin Paul A Gardiner Juliet A Harvey Calum F Leask Javier Jerez-Roig Dori Rosenberg Maureen C Ashe Jorunn L Helbostad Dawn A Skelton Source Type: research

Sex differences in the risk of coronary heart disease associated with socioeconomic status in Turkey
ConclusionsThis study of health outcomes in Turkey did not find sex differences in CVD in association with educational status but did show sex differences in association with employment status. This finding suggests that social determinants in middle-income countries may affect men and women differently than in high-income countries.Key messagesSocial determinants in middle-income countries may affect men and women differently with regards to the risk of CHD than in high-income countries.Employment status can predict the risk of CHD in middle-income countries.
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

1.I. Workshop: Capturing access challenges in health care: can the vignette methodology help?
Abstract Access to health care is a key performance dimension for health systems. Around 3% of the EU27 population experienced unmet need for health services in 2019 (Eurostat 2021). However, this average hides significant differences across and within countries, between income groups, levels of education and socio-economic categories. While some of the reasons for unmet need are more personal (no time, fear of doctor, etc.), the most common factors are health system-related. Although self-reported unmet need and other existing indicators, including catastrophic spending and impoverishing out-of-pocket spending, provide ...
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - October 20, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Interventions in outside-school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4 to 12 years
CONCLUSIONS: Although the review included nine trials, the evidence for how to increase children's physical activity in outside-school hours care settings remains limited, both in terms of certainty of evidence and magnitude of the effect. Of the types of interventions identified, when assessed using GRADE there was low-certainty evidence that multi-component interventions, with a specific physical activity goal may have a small increase in daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and a slight reduction in BMI. There was very low-certainty evidence that interventions increase cardiovascular fitness. By contrast there w...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 25, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Rosa Virgara Anna Phillips Lucy K Lewis Katherine Baldock Luke Wolfenden Ty Ferguson Mandy Richardson Anthony Okely Michael Beets Carol Maher Source Type: research

Sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for obesity among community-dwelling older adults in Ghana and Nigeria: A secondary analysis of data from the SIREN study
CONCLUSION: Living in urban settings, earning a higher income, and having a formal education were associated with a higher odds of obesity among older adults from LMICs.PMID:34787475 | DOI:10.1177/17423953211054023
Source: Chronic Illness - November 17, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Onoja M Akpa Akinkunmi P Okekunle Fred S Sarfo Rufus O Akinyemi Albert Akpalu Kolawole W Wahab Morenikeji Komolafe Reginald Obiako Lukman Owolabi Carolyn Jenkins Adeoye Abiodun Godwin Ogbole Bimbo Fawale Joshua Akinyemi Atinuke Agunloye Ezinne O Uvere Ade Source Type: research

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